Toyota Land Cruiser Prado Engines
Tusmo
Sannadkii 1987, kooxda naqshadaynta Toyota waxay bilaabeen inay abuuraan nooc ka fudud Land Cruiser SUV - 70 model. Nooca jirka ee saddexda albaab ee baabuurka wuxuu ahaa guul weyn oo adduunka oo dhan ah. Sii wadida guusha waxay ahayd baabuur fudud oo raaxo leh oo leh shan albaab, kaas oo la bilaabay in la soo saaro 1990-kii. Baabuurka cusub ee dhammaan-wheel-ka-baxa ee nakhshad jireed, oo leh gear-dhimista, dhabarka iyo xaglaha hore ee adag, ayaa helay calaamadaynta Prado.
Taariikhda abuurka iyo wax soo saarka
Midka ugu horreeya, muuqaal ahaan xoogaa xagal ah, oo leh daaqado leydi ah oo sarreeya, iyo qol hoose oo matoor ku dheggan, baabuurku wuxuu u muuqdaa mid aan caadi ahayn marka loo eego dhererka sannadihii la soo dhaafay. Sirtu waa sahlan tahay: naqshadeeyayaasha ayaa u qaabeeyay gabi ahaanba sida SUV. Waxa uu suuqa adduunka ku soo galay qaab gaadhi qoys oo cimilo-dhammaan ah - gaadhi dhan-ganacsi ah oo taayirrada saaran. Goobta isku dhafka ah ee Prado SUVs waa Toyota's engineering mecca, khadka isku xirka ee Tahara Plant ee Aichi Prefecture.
- Jiilka koowaad (1990-1996).
Baabuurka dhexdiisa, saddex saf oo kuraas ah, marka lagu daro darawalka, todoba rakaab oo kale ayaa si raaxo leh u qaadi kara. Heerka raaxada ayaa ahaa mid aan horay loo arag baabuurta sanadahaas. Intaa waxaa dheer, injineeradu waxay siiyeen Prado awood heer sare ah oo dalka ah. Waa macquul in matoorada shidaalka iyo naaftada labadaba lagu rakibay baabuur weyn. Naqshadeynta ayaa noqotay mid aad loogu guulaystay in muddo shan sano ah SUV-ga lagu iibiyo dalal kala duwan oo adduunka ah iyada oo aan hal isbeddel qaab dhismeed lahayn.
- Jiilka labaad (1996-2002).
Sida taxanihii hore, baabuur saddex-iyo shan-albadood leh ayaa ka baxay khadka isku-xidhka. Laakiin naqshadooda Prado 90 hadda kama fogayn xitaa meel fog u ekaanaysa jaangooyooyinka aasaasihii moodeelka. Suuqgeynta gardarada leh ee Mitsubishi Pajero ayaa ku qasabtay naqshadeeyayaasha Toyota inay si miro dhal ah u shaqeeyaan. Qaabka qaab-dhismeedka ku salaysan madal 4Runner ayaa isbedel weyn ku yimid. Halkii faas joogto ah laga lahaan lahaa, hakin madaxbannaan ayaa hore loogu rakibay. Unugyada xannibaadda ee laba nooc oo kala duwan ayaa lagu daray habka wadayaasha taayirrada oo dhan leh qalabka dhimista - dhexda iyo dabada dambe. Baaxadda matoorada waxaa lagu buuxiyey unug naaftada turbocharged ah oo 140 hp ah.
- Jiilka saddexaad (2002-2009).
Naqshadeynta jirka ee jiilka saddexaad ee Prado 120 waxaa sameeyay khabiiro Faransiis ah oo ka socda istuudiyaha ED2. Wax ka beddelka shan-albaab ayaa gaadhay suuqa Ruushka bilowgii qarniga cusub. Laakiin iibsadayaasha wadamada kale, sidii hore, ayaa sidoo kale la siiyay nooc saddex-albaab ah. Qaybaha ugu muhiimsan ee baabuurka waxaa lagu sameeyay casriyeyn qaabdhismeed:
- jir
- joojinta hore;
- jirka.
Ka mid ah alaabooyinka cusub, mid ayaa ogaan kara muuqaalka xannibaadda dambe ee pneumatic, nuugayaasha shoogga la qabsiga, nidaamka caawinta kor iyo hoos, isteerinka korontada, ABS, iyo muraayadda korantada. Fikradda wadista iyo gudbinta baabuurka isma bedelin. Isticmaalayaasha waxaa la siiyay doorasho toos ah (4x) iyo makaanikada (5x).
- Jiilka afraad (2009 - 2018).
Madal cusub ayaa ka soo wareegaysay khadka Tahara Plant muddo toban sano ah. Waana goor hore in laga hadlo joojinta wax soo saarka SUV-ga, kaas oo sannad kasta uu noqonayo mid casri ah. Baabuurka cusub wuxuu leeyahay naqshad ka badan hal-abuurka injineernimada. Haddii muuqaalku uu si tartiib tartiib ah uga takhaluso isbeddellada xaglaha ah ee fiiqan ee doorbidaya qaababka wareegsan ee jilicsan, ka dibna naqshadda gudaha, liddi ku ah, ayaa lagu kala soocay joomatari saxda ah.
Dib-u-habaynta 2013 waxay ku dartay tiro badan oo hal-abuurnimo maskaxeed xirmada baabuurka:
- 4,2-inji kormeeraha LCD ee dashboard-ka;
- xakamaynta iftiinka hore ee goonida ah;
- ka joojinta la qabsiga (ee noocyada ugu sarreeya);
- kamarada muuqaalka danbe;
- nidaamka bilowga mishiinka oo aan lahayn furaha dabka;
- hakinta nidaamka xasilinta kinetic;
- barnaamijka xakamaynta lulitaanka trailer.
Liiskan waxa loo sii wadi karaa si aan dhamaad lahayn. Qeybaha kala duwan ee iibsadayaasha, hal-abuurayaasha Prado waxay diyaariyeen afar nooc oo asaasi ah oo heerar gooyo ah - Gelitaanka, Halyeyga, Sharafta iyo Fulinta.
Iyada oo ku xidhan nooca cayrinta ee baabuurka, darawalka Prado SUV casriga ah wuxuu leeyahay xulasho badan oo hababka wadista ee arsenal:
- saddex heer - ECO, caadadii, SPORT;
- laba laqabsi - SPORT SPORT iyo SPORT S +.
Nooc kastaa wuxuu leeyahay habayn gaar ah oo loogu talagalay shaqada isteerinka, sanduuqa gearbox iyo kuwa shoogga ah. Abuurayaashii baabuurka ayaa ku dhawaaday inay gaaraan hadafkoodii.
Abuurayaasha Prado waxay gaareen hadafkooda: SUV-ga cusub waa sida ugu dhow ee suurtogalka ah marka la eego sifooyinkeeda calanka Land Cruiser 200.
Matoorada Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
Giant-wheel drive-ka oo dhan ayaa laga yaabaa inuu si fiican ugu tartamo waqtiga wax soo saarka ee beerka dheer ee suuqa baabuurta, oo ay soo saareen kooxda Toyota auto walaac - Corolla, Chaser, Celica, Camry, RAV4. Waxaa intaa dheer, kaliya laba cutub ayaa lagu rakibay labadii jiil ee hore ee Prado - 1KZ-TE iyo 5VZ-FE. Kaliya qarniga cusub khadka matoorada ayaa xoogaa la cusbooneysiiyay. Hababka noocan oo kale ah ee adag iyo kuwa culus waxay u baahan yihiin hab naqshadeed oo halis ah, waxaana la soo saaraa wakhti dheer. Muddo 28 sano ah, lix Toyota oo ah matoorada awoodda waaweyn ayaa ka mid noqday warshadda korontada ee Prado.
| Calaamadayn | Nooca | Mugga, cm 3 | Awoodda ugu badan, kW / hp | Nidaamka Awoodda |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1KZ-TE | naaftada turbocharged | 2982 | 92/125 | duritaan badan, OHC |
| 5VZ-FE | batrool | 3378 | 129/175 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| 1GR-FE | -: - | 3956 | 183/249 | -: - |
| 2TR-FE | -: - | 2693 | 120/163 | -: - |
| 1KD-FTV | naaftada turbocharged | 2982 | 127/173 | DOHC, qaboojiyeha caadiga ah ee tareenka |
| 1GD-FTV | -: - | 2754 | 130/177 | tareenada caadiga ah |
Inkasta oo ay jiraan sifooyin farsamo oo gaar ah, matoorada Prado waxay ku fiicnaayeen in lagu rakibo noocyada kale ee waaweyn ee baabuurta Toyota (16 guud ahaan):
| Tusaalaha | 1KZ-TE | 5VZ-FE | 1GR-FE | 2TR-FE | 1KD-FTV | 1GD-FTV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| baabuur | ||||||
| Toyota | ||||||
| 4Tartame | * | * | ||||
| Grand Hiace | * | * | ||||
| Granviva | * | * | ||||
| FJ Cruiser | * | |||||
| Fortuner | * | * | * | |||
| Hiace | * | * | * | * | ||
| Qaadashada Hilux | * | * | * | |||
| Waa kan Boqorka | * | |||||
| Hilux Surf | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Dhul badeed | * | |||||
| Land cruiser prado | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| Regius | * | |||||
| Royal Ace | * | * | * | |||
| Tacoma | * | * | ||||
| Dalxiiska Hiace | * | |||||
| Dhuldhoobo | * | * | ||||
| Wadarta: | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
Sida had iyo jeer, saxnaanta Japan iyo xiisaha xisaabinta faa'iidooyinka dhaqaale ee muddada-dheer ayaa door ka ciyaaray. Marka la isticmaalayo mabda'a midaynta nodal, maamulayaasha iyo naqshadeeyayaasha si fudud uma baahna inay waqti iyo lacag ku bixiyaan naqshadaynta cutubyo cusub haddii ay haystaan nuqullo diyaarsan oo tayo wanaagsan leh.
Matoorka ugu caansan baabuurta Land Cruiser Prado
Maaddaama aysan jirin noocyo badan oo matoorada isku mid ah lagu rakibay sida Prado SUV, waa macquul in la tixgeliyo qaybta ugu caansan dhammaan noocyada. Shaki la'aan, unugga ugu awoodda badan, shidaalka afar-litir 1GR-FE, wuxuu noqday horyaalnimada tobankii sano ee ugu horreeyay qarniga 5aad marka loo eego inta jeer ee isticmaalka. Horudhaceeda oo hoos timaada daboolka Prado halkii laga isticmaali lahaa 2002VZ-FE wakhtigaas ayaa ku taariikhaysan XNUMX.
Sababo la xiriira caannimada cajiibka ah ee SUV-yada iyo gawaarida gadaal-wheel ee labada dhinac ee Pacific-ga, marka laga reebo Japan, wax soo saarkeeda waxaa laga aasaasay Mareykanka.
Matoorka waxaa loo soo saaray laba nooc:
- oo leh nidaamiyaha wajiga VVTi;
- Dual-VVTi.
Mugga - 3956 cm³. Waxay ka duwan tahay cutubyada kale ee loo isticmaalo Prado habka V-qaabeeya ee dhululubada (xagalka camber 60 °). Xawaaraha ugu sarreeya ee injiinka 3200 rpm - 377 N * m. Dhinacyada taban ee sifooyinka farsamada waxaa ka mid ah qadar badan oo ah qiiqa waxyeellada leh (ilaa 352 g / km) iyo qaylada sare. Hawsha muusikooyinka waxaa loo maqlaa sida qeylada jilicsan ee qoobabka faraska.
Qalabka aluminiumka ah ee loo yaqaan 'aluminum block block', oo ah astaanta khadka mashiinka Toyota ee qarniga cusub, ayaa lagu kabay birta birta ah. Ka dib markii la bedelay 2009-kii walxo aad u culus oo ka mid ah kooxda piston iyo crankshaft oo leh muunado fudud, oo leh nidaamiyaha wajiga Dual-VVTi, matoorku wuxuu awooday inuu horumariyo 285 hp.
Intaa waxaa dheer, inta lagu guda jiro restyling, habka qaadashada waa la bedelay, taas oo ay sabab u tahay saamiga cadaadis kordhay ilaa 10,4: 1.
In 1GR-FE dhisayaasha, marka laga reebo piston-yada fudud. Qol cusub oo dabka lagu shido ayaa la rakibay. Faa'iidada aqoontan ayaa muuqata. Marka lagu daro kororka weyn ee horeba loo xusay, waxtarka isticmaalka shidaalka ayaa kordhay (nooca baasaboorka - AI-92). Uumiga shidaalka ayaa laga hortagay iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay adeegsiga nooc cusub oo ah dekedaha wax lagu qaato oo waxyar laga dhimay marka la barbardhigo 5VZ-FE.
Nuqullada qaabaynta hore ee mootada waxay ka fogaatay dhibaato ballaadhan oo ah qaabka daadinta saliidda. Laakiin dareen kale ayaa sugayay darawaliinta: kulaylka ugu yar wuxuu u horseedi karaa burburka gaaska madaxa dhululubada. Tani waxay u baahday fiiro dheerad ah qaabka hawlgalka nidaamka sahayda korontada. Sababtoo ah la'aanta wiishadaha hawo-qaadista. Boqolkii kun oo mayl kasta. Mileage loo baahan yahay hagaajinta nadiifinta waalka iyada oo la adeegsanayo maydhyo gaar ah. Iyadoo daryeel habboon iyo ka-hortagga cilladaha yaryar (saddex-jibbaaran, isku-xirnaanta dillaaca, "dabaasha" ee shaqo-la'aanta, iwm), kheyraadka mashiinka caadiga ah wuxuu ahaa 300 kun oo km.
Doorashada mashiinka ku habboon Prado
Matoorada Toyota Land Cruiser Prado SUVs waa kuwo gaar ah. Inta badan, kuwani waa unugyo tignoolajiyada ugu adag oo ay naqshadeeyayaashu ku guulaysteen inay isku daraan daraasiin tignoolajiyada casriga ah ee dhinacyada kimistariga, makaanikada, kinematics, optics, elektiroonigga iyo sirdoonka macmal. Mid ka mid ah tusaale ahaan waa mashiinka naaftada turbocharged ee 1KD-FTV. Kani waa curadkii taxanaha cusub ee KD, kaas oo ka baxay khadka golaha 2000. Tan iyo markaas, si isdaba joog ah ayaa loo cusboonaysiiyay si loo yareeyo khasaaraha korontada loona kordhiyo waxtarka.
Tijaabooyin isbarbardhig ah oo dhex maray mishiinkan iyo kii ka horreeyay, 1KZ-TE, ayaa muujiyay in tusaalaha cusubi uu 17% ka awood badan yahay. Natiijadan ayaa la gaaray iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay isku darka nidaamka korontada iyo xakameynta habka isku dhafka shidaalka. Matoorku wuxuu ku soo dhawaaday marka la eego sifooyinka awooda tusaalaha ugu wanaagsan ee mishiinada shidaalka. Iyo marka la eego qulqulka, waxay si buuxda u jiidatay.
Injineerada waxa ay ku guulaysteen in ay gaadhaan saami cadaadis gaar ah oo ah 17,9:1. Matoorku aad buu u xamaasad badan yahay, maadaama uu dalabyo aad u sarreeya ku sameeyay tayada shidaalka naaftada ah ee lagu shubo haamaha. Haddii ay jirto xaddi xad-dhaaf ah oo baaruud ah, hawlgal degdeg ah ayaa burburiyay sanbabada 5-7 sano. Waxay ahayd inaan aad uga taxadarno nidaamka cusub ee shidaalka. Habka baytariyada tareenada caadiga ah iyo waalka EGR ayaa u baahday fiiro gaar ah.
Haddii shidaal tayadiisu hooseyso lagu shubay haanta, hadhaaga aan gubin ayaa si xoog leh loogu xareeyay meelo kala duwan oo nidaamka:
- ee noocyada kala duwan ee qaadashada iyo dampers ee nidaamka beddelka joomatari;
- ku yaal galka EGR.
Midabka qiiqa ayaa isla markiiba isbeddelay heerka jiidiskuna wuu yaraaday. Habka "daaweynta" dhibaatadu waa nadiifinta ka hortagga walxaha nidaamka shidaalka iyo turbocharging kasta 50-70 kun km. orod
Intaa waxaa dheer, ku wadista waddooyinka laamiyada ah oo liidata waxay sababtaa gariir. Dhammaan xaqiiqooyinkan waxay yareeyaan nolosha matoorka waddooyinka Ruushka ilaa 100 kun oo km. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhibaatooyinka waa la iska ilaalin karaa iyadoo la kaashanayo ka hortag taxaddar leh. Tusaale ahaan, dayactirka joogtada ah ee valves iyo hagaajinta godadka kulaylka waxay si weyn u kordhisaa masaafada ka hor dib u habeyn.
Dhibaatooyinka kale, mid ka mid ah ayaa ogaan kara dhibaatada guud ee dhammaan qaybaha Toyota - isticmaalka saliidda xad-dhaafka ah iyo coking.
In kasta oo xamaasadda iyo khiyaanada habka hagaajinta iyo dayactirka, matoorka 1KD-FTV wuxuu muujiyay sida ugu fiican ee hoostiisa Toyota Land Cruiser Prado. Iyadoo fiiro gaar ah loo leeyahay, farsamooyinka hawlgalka saxda ah ee saxda ah iyo baaritaanka joogtada ah ee ka hortagga iyo dayactirka, matoorku "wuxuu bixiyay" milkiilayaasha SUV-yada oo leh lacag isku mid ah - awoodda, xawaaraha iyo kalsoonida.
