Ferrari 512 BB vs. Lamborghini Miura P 400 SV: dhexda ku soo laabtay - Gawaarida ciyaaraha

Qof ayaa laga yaabaa in uu sanka laalaabto marka uu arko laba baabuur oo isboorti oo wada jira kuwaas oo dhab ahaantii matalaya labaatan sano oo kala duwan oo ka mid ah warshadaha baabuurta isboortiga ee ugu fiican Talyaaniga, lixdameeyadii qarnigii hore. Miura iyo todobaatanaadkii BB... Laakiin, marka la eego tafaasiisha labadan sheeko, ee aan is-qabin, balse is-dhex-yaacaya, waxaynu fahamsanahay intee in le'eg ayay macquul tahay in la isku daro marka loo eego sida ay u muuqan karto marka hore.

Si aad u bilawdo, labada daanyeerka ee adeegeena ayaa ah isbeddelada ugu muhiimsan ee moodooyinkooda (ma tixgelinin 512 BBi marka la barbardhigo 12-foostada Sant'Agata carburetors), laakiin dhammaan ka sarreeya, sanadkaas oo "Miura" Kala duwanaanshiyaha" ayaa joojiyay wax soo saarka BB (ma aha 512, laakiin 365 GT4, ama taxanaha ugu horreeya ee Berlinetta Ferrari ee cajiibka ah) ayaa bilaabay safarkeeda suuqa ciyaaraha, taasoo keentay buuq ka dhex jira taageerayaasha, sida Miura. sameeyey todoba sano ka hor.

Laakiin siday u kala horreeyaan. 1965kii Turin Motor Show ee tarabuunka Lamborghini Chassis-ka cusub ee leh xarafka PT 400 (ie 4-litir gadaal gadaal) oo leh qaab bir ah iyo qaab-dhismeed bir ah iyo godad iftiin kala duwan, oo la mid ah jaleecada hore ee kuwa loo isticmaalo baabuurta tartanka, ayaa si heersare ah isu cadeeysay. Shaqadan farsamada gacanta (hadda waxaa iska leh laba ururiye oo Maraykan ah Joe Saki iyo Gary Bobileff) waxaa naqshadeeyay injineer. Gian Paolo Dallara (abuuraha Veyron chassis maanta) si uu u dejiyo mishiinka 12-litir 3.9-dhululubo ah (3.929 cc, 350 hp @ 7.000 rpm) oo ku yaal meel dhexe oo dambe oo uu naqshadeeyay qof kale oo aan ahayn injineer. Giotto Bizzarrini.

Muuqaalkan dagdaga ah, kaas oo sababay qulqulka dadka xiiseeya baabuurta isboortiga, ayaa filayey isbeddel cad oo isbeddel ah oo ah in baabuur leh chassis-ka (dabcan Miura) uu u keeni doono xoogaa buuq ah adduunka baabuurka isboortiga. Miura-gii ugu horreeyay, P400, ayaa lagu soo bandhigay Bandhigga Motor Show ee Geneva 1966 wuxuuna ku nuuxnuuxsaday dareenka iyo guusha chassis-ka ay xidhnayd. Waxa uu ka dhigay dhammaan ka qaybgalayaashii in ay ku duqoobaan il-bidhiqsi, xadhkaha mustaqbalka (waqtiyadaas), habayn iyo jiifo dhulka, oo uu naqshadeeyay nin dhallinyaro ah. Marcello Gandini, oo leh xal xad-dhaaf ah - laba dabool oo waaweyn oo u furan sida buug oo kale, oo jeexjeexaya siraha farsamada ee baabuurka oo ka tagaya dhismaha gudaha ee xarunta oo qaawan. Habka farsamada kacaanka ee aan ka hadalnay ayaa sidoo kale ka caawiyay inay noqoto Mariyaan.

Marka laga hadlayo makaanikada, waa in la xoojiyaa si loo ilaaliyo kooxda oo dhan matoorka gudaha labada geesood (kiiskan dhibaatadu waxay ku taalaa dabada dambe) Bizzarrini (kaas oo aad u doorbiday habayntan matoorada in uu sidoo kale u qaatay matoorada hore, labadaba Ferrari 250 GTO iyo " isaga" Bizzarrini 5300 GT Strada) dhigay Xawaaraha Miura P400 oo ku taal gunta hoose ee xannibaadda dhululubada. Ka dib markii la soo saaro saddexda nuqul ee ugu horreeya ee baabuurka, injineer Dallar (oo ka caawiyay mashruuca Miura Eng. Paolo Stanzani iyo tijaabada tijaabada New Zealand Bob wallace) waxa uu garwaaqsaday in matoorku u wareego saacada (marka laga eego baabuurka bidix) aanu u ogolayn in mishiinku si habsami ah u shaqeeyo. Jihada wareegtada ayaa markaa loo rogay si loo helo koronto joogto ah. Doorashada naqshadeynta si loo dhigo kaydka inta u dhaxaysa saqafka iyo daboolka hore, kaas oo markii hore u muuqday inuu yahay ukunta Columbus si loo hagaajiyo qaybinta miisaanka, dhab ahaantii waxay abuurtay dhibaatooyin qaar ka mid ah Miura ee taxanaha kowaad (475 cutub oo laga soo saaray 1966 ilaa 1969). sida faaruqinta tartiib tartiib ah sababtoo ah hillaac sanka taangiga, kaas oo bilaabay inuu "sabbeeyo" xawaare sare, taas oo ay sabab u tahay taayirrada hore waxay lumiyeen xajinta lagama maarmaanka ah iyo xasilloonida jihada.

Le waxqabadka Miura tayada sare leh (xawaaraha ugu sarreeya 280 km / h) ayaa dhibaatadan si cad u muujiyay, iyada oo la tixgelinayo in milkiilayaasha wadada ugu dhakhsaha badan adduunka wakhtigaas aysan ku xaddidnayn isticmaalka socodka. Marka tan la eego, khasaare kale ee taxanaha ugu horreeya ee P400 Miura ahaa braking (Taas oo aan awooday inaan naftayda arko, wax badan oo aan ka cabsado, inta lagu guda jiro safarka Milan ilaa Sant'Agata): nidaamka lagu rakibay nuqulkii ugu horreeyay ma ogola in awoodda buuxda ee bahalkan loo isticmaalo iyo falcelinta cadaadiska badadka ayaa xaddidan oo soo daahay. Dhibaatooyinkan hore ee dhalinyarada ayaa qayb ahaan wax looga qabtay daabacaadda labaad ee Miura, 400 P 1969 S, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay korsashada taayirada ballaaran iyo qalabaynta nidaamka bireega cusub maqal is-hawo leh dhexroor weyn. Halkaa awoodda engine, mahad kororka fudud ee saamiga riixo (kaas oo kordhay 9,5: 1 in 10,4: 1), kor u kacay 350 si ay u 370 hp, mar kale 7.000 rpm, iyo xawaaraha kordhay 287 km / h wanaagsan. carburetors -ka Weber 40 IDA 30 oo saddex jibbaaran, oo ficil ahaan loogu talagalay tartanka, ayaa lagu beddelay haan shidaal oo yar oo aan guban si looga gudbo cilladaha laga helay taxanaha koowaad.

P 400 S ayaa sii waday in la soo saaro (140 unug guud ahaan), xitaa marka nuqulkii ugu dambeeyay ee Miura lagu soo bandhigay 1971, kan ugu qumman oo qumman (iyo maanta sidoo kale inta badan la soo xigtay oo la raadsado): P400 SV... Cadhadan ayaa ugu dambeyntii lumisay sunnayaasha hareeraha nalka hore (marka laga reebo waqtiyadaas naadirka ah marka iibsaduhu wali rabo grilles soo jeedinta leh, sida ku dhacday qaabka adeeggayaga, oo uu abuuray Ferruccio Lamborghini laftiisa), baalasheeda Dhabarka ayaa la balaariyay si loogu qaado taayir cusub oo ah 235/15/60, kaas oo siiyay xitaa hadhuudh dareen leh, iyo matoor awood u leh 385bhp. 7.850 rpm, taas oo u ogolaatay SV inuu ku socdo xawaare cajiib ah oo ah 295 km / h (waxaan ka hadlaynaa 1971).

Kadib, ka dib shaqo sharaf leh oo socotay ku dhawaad ​​​​toddobo sano (oo ay ku jiraan dad badan oo caan ah sida Claudio Villa, Little Tony, Bobby Solo, Gino Paoli, Elton John iyo Dean Martin, iyo sidoo kale boqorro ay ka mid yihiin King Hussein of Jordan ama Mohammad Reza Pahlavi waxay u isticmaaleen sidii baabuurkooda gaarka ah), kacaankii Miura wuxuu ka tagay goobta dhamaadkii 72 (kii ugu dambeeyay ee 150 P 400 SV model, lambarka chassis 5018, waxaa la iibiyay guga 73), mucaaradkeeda ugu fiican. Ferrari 365 GT4 BB, galay wax soo saarka.

Kadibna waxa la gaadhay wakhtigii isbeddel xagjir ah oo ku yimi habka farsamada ee Maranello: ka dib isku daygii ugu horreeyay ee xishoodka leh laba iyo toban dhululubo Laga soo bilaabo 250 LM, oo ku sii jiray ficil ahaan baabuur isboorti, oo ku habboon waddada, 365 GT / 4 BB Ferrari ayaa mar kale u guuray mishiinka, markan oo leh barokac "muhiim ah" (4.390,35 cc) ka badan. Le Mans iyo kii hore ee 6-dhululubo Dino 206 GT, gadaashiisa darawalka, si loo hagaajiyo qaybinta miisaanka iyo halkan hagaajinta iyo haynta waddooyinka. Sidaa darteed, 365 GT4 BB waxay ahayd waddada Ferrari ee ugu horreysa ee 12-dhululubo leh oo leh mishiinka ka dambeeya darawalka.

Waxay ahayd horumar weyn oo uu keenay mid cusub Feeryahanka Berlinette by Maranello, baabuur xamaasad leh oo leh xariiqyo adag oo fiiqan, hooseeya oo dagaal badan, sida haddii ay tahay daab hoose. Laakiin warku halkaas kuma joogsan: 365 GT4 BB waxa uu ahaa, dhab ahaantii, sidoo kale Ferrari-gii ugu horreeyay ee waddada ku socda oo leh mishiinka feerka. Dhab ahaantii, mishiinkan kacaanka ah ee 12-dhululubo ma ahayn mashiinka feerka, laakiin halkii V-qaabeeya (ama feeryahan) 180-degree engine, maadaama ulaha isku xira ay ku dhejiyeen laba-labo oo isku mid ah taageerada usheeda dhexe, oo aan ahayn taageerooyin kala duwan ul kasta oo isku xidha. (sida uu dhigayo nidaamka feerka). Matoorka cusubi wuxuu si toos ah uga soo amaahday Ferrari's Formula 3 waayo-aragnimada mashiinka 1969 litir ee loogu talagalay Mauro Forghieri ee 1964 (ka dib Ferrari, 512 F1 waxay horeyba ugu dhufatay wadada XNUMX iyada oo la adeegsanayo mishiinka dhululubada ka soo horjeeda). sidoo kale loo oggolaaday in si weyn hoos loogu dhigo meel dhexe gaariga ka bixi.

Muuqaalkeedii ugu horreeyay ee dadweynaha ee Turin Motor Show 1971, berlinetta cusub ayaa naxdin ku noqotay mala-awaalka wadajirka ah ee xamaasadaha Ferrari oo lahaa wax kasta oo ay ku qaadatay inay ku guuleysato dib u eegista ugu qaalisan ee macaamiisha waqti gaaban oo hore u tijaabiyay xadka sare. Daytona hore. Baabuurka cusub, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ma uusan gelin wax soo saarka ilaa horraantii 1973. Awoodda "laba iyo toban" ee Berlinetta Boxer, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay magdhowday dib u dhigista: laga bilaabo 4,4 litir oo barokac ah, injineerada Ferrari waxay ku guuleysteen inay "tuujiyaan" ku dhawaad ​​​​400 hooras (380 hp at 7.700 rpm). Sidaa darteed, 365 GT / 4 BB waxay isku diyaarinaysay inay buuxiso shuruudaha waxqabadka ugu sarreeya ee taageerayaasha Diehard Ferrari. Waxaa la sheegay in isbeddelkii ugu dambeeyay ee supercarkan ka yimid Maranello, Gilles Villeneuve Waxa uu caadaystay in uu si deggan uga guuro gurigiisa oo ku yaalla Montecarlo una aaday Maranello, isaga oo ka door biday 512 BB helikabtarkiisa, maadaama uu sheegay in wakhtiga socdaalku ku dhawaad ​​isku mid ahaa.

Laakiin khuraafaadka marka laga tago, BB waa mid ka mid ah Ferraris-ka loogu jecel yahay maanta: gardarrada, oo kaliya kuwa ugu khibradda badan, waxay ka dhigtay mawduuc la yaab leh oo la yaab leh oo sababi kara welwelka iyo hinaasiga inta badan baabuurta xiiseeya. Khadadka dhibka badan, dusha sare ee daboolka hore iyo muraayada hore waxay u janjeeraan xanaaq, sidii iyagoo isku dayaya inay ka qariyaan hawada. laydhka la laaban karo si aanay u carqaladayn hawada ku habboon ee maalintii, dabada jeexan iyaga oo aad u yar oo dulsaaran marka loo eego xagasha dambe (sida ka soo horjeeda hore), waxay sameeyeen Berlinetta Boxer wax ka mid ah hawada sare waxayna ka dhigeen quluubta kuwii ku arkay muraayadda gadaal ee xawaaraha xiddigaha. 365 GT/4 BB waxa uu wakhtigaas gaadhay xawli istratospheric ah: 295 km/saacadii, isaga oo hal kiiloomitir ka soo kaxeeyay meel istaag ah 25,2 ilbiriqsi oo kaliya.

Iyada oo giraangiraha wax yar ka dheer kii hore ee Daytona (2.500 mm halkii 2.400 mm) iyo qaybinta miisaan ka wanaagsan oo ay dammaanad qaadayso qaabeynta cusub ee chassis, oo matoorku ku yaal meel u dhow meel dhexe, berlinettani waxay lahayd hanti waddo gaar ah oo u ogolaatay inay si fiican u qabato. wadada. Dhaqan daacad ah, oo ay saadaalin karaan duuliyeyaasha khibrada leh, laakiin leh xaddidaadyo dhab ahaantii ay adag tahay in aan dhimanin in la gaaro.

Sannadkii 1976-kii, mishiin cusub oo muggiisu yahay ku dhawaad ​​5.000 cc. Cm (4.942,84 cc) ayaa lagu rakibay BB-ga waxaana magaceedu noqday 512 BB. Noocan cusub ee Berlinetta ee ka yimid Maranello (baabuurkayaga adeegga) ayaa ballaadhiyey waddooyinka oo wuxuu rakibay taayirro waaweyn, isagoo ka faa'iidaysanaya mid horeba muhiim u ah. haynta waddada... Marka laga eego dhinaca bilicda, beeryaradu waxay heshay midab labajibbaaran (madow ee qaybta hoose ee jidhka), mid. qaswade Hoosta shukulaatada hiitarka si loo hagaajiyo xasilloonida sanka iyo hawo qaadasho Muuqaalka Naca ee xagga hoose ee gidaarka gadaashiisa albaabbada, iyo sidoo kale laba nal oo cusub oo waaweyn oo dabada ah oo bedelaya saddexdii hore.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkasta oo barokaca injiinka weyn, awoodda iyo waxqabadka berlinetta cusub ayaa wax yar hoos u dhacay. Iyada oo awood ah 360 hp 7.500 rpm, xawaaraha sare wuxuu hoos ugu dhacay "kaliya" 283 km / h, taasoo niyad jab ku ah taageerayaasha Ferrari ee aadka u jecel. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, nooca cusub ee BB, kaas oo ahaa mid aad u jilicsan oo la xakameyn karo, ayaa ka dhigay dhagaystayaal aan hadda ahayn "Fooshayaasha Formula XNUMX".

In ay version ugu dambeeyay, kaas oo lagu rakibayduritaanka elektarooniga ah Bosch K-Jetronic aan toos ahayn halkii baytari afar waaweyn oo saddex foosto ah Weber carburettors, 512 BBi (lagu soo bandhigay 1981) waxay lahaayeen laba nal oo dheeri ah oo dhinaca hore ah, iyo "i" yar ayaa ka soo baxay asal chrome ah. taargo magac leh oo nashqada moodeel ah.

Genie-ga Ferrari berlinette ee cajiibka ah waxaa hubaal ah loogu yeeri karaa "hooyada" ee marxaladda isbeddelka taariikhda baabuurta Maranello, labadaba marka la eego dhaqdhaqaaqa mashiinka ka dambeeya darawalka iyo marka la eego beddelka qaabeynta qaabka V. dhululubo (waligeed dib looma warshadayn, si kastaba ha ahaatee, ka dib markii Ferrari-gan weyni ka baxay wax soo saarka). Dhab ahaantii waxay ahayd mid ka mid ah Ferraris oo dammaanad qaaday dareenka in yar oo keliya ay awoodi karaan. Si aad u aragto 512 BB maanta, oo ay weheliso laga yaabee Lamborghini loogu jecel yahay taariikhda Sant'Agata, waa mudnaan aan awooday inaan awoodo oo kaliya shaqadayda sawir qaade iyo saxafi ahaan.

Shaki kuma jiro in Miura xitaa maanta uu yahay baabuur aan caadi ahayn, halka inkastoo ay adag tahay iyo fiiqanaanta khadadka, 512 BB waxay qaadataa waddo aad u fiican oo la safeeyey. Miura waxay leedahay soo jiidashada gawaarida jinsiyadda, waxaadna sidoo kale u sheegi kartaa taas ku dhawaad ​​​​XNUMX sentimitir oo ka sooca dhererka "raaxo" BB. Laakiin haddii ay i weydiiyaan meel bannaan si aan u doorto ugu yaraan mid iyaga ka mid ah, ma awoodi doono inaan go'aansado oo waxaan ku jawaabi lahaa sidan: "Kuwani waa laba farshaxan oo gaar ah, marka loo eego naqshadeynta iyo makaanikada ciyaaraha. baabuur, ma wada qaadan karaa labadaba? "