Astaamaha Maz 525

Tixgeli hore ee taxanaha BelAZ - MAZ-525.

Horay u ahaa taxanaha BelAZ - MAZ-525

Gawaarida qashinka ee Serial Mining MAZ-525 (1951-1959 - MAZ-525; 1959-1965 - BelAZ-525). Sababta keentay muuqaalka gaarigan macdanta qodaya oo culeyskiisu yahay 25-tan ayaa ah baahida loo qabo farsamo awood u leh in ay geyso baloogyada granite ee ka sameysan dhagaxa laga sameeyo dhismaha biyo-xireennada. MAZ-205 oo wakhtigaas jiray ma ahayn mid ku haboon ujeedadaas sababtoo ah awoodda qaadida oo yar. Koronto dhimis ayaa lagu rakibay baabuurka laga bilaabo 450 ilaa 300 hp. Taangiga naaftada 12-dhululubo D-12A. Diirka danbe, oo ka duwan dabada hore, waxa uu ahaa mid si adag ugu xidhan fareemka, iyada oo aan ilo, sidaas darteed ma jirto hakin u adkeysan kara culayska naxdinta leh ee ka yimaada marka xamuulka qaada uu ku raran yahay lix mitir kuyuub ah oo dhagxaan laami ah (sida jidka ag fadhida).

Si loo nuugo shoogyada xamuulka la qaaday, hoose ayaa la sameeyay labanlaab, laga soo bilaabo go'yaal bir ah oo leh iskudhaf geedeedka dhexdooda. Culayska ayaa si toos ah loogu wareejiyay fareemka iyada oo loo marayo lix caag ah. Taayirro waaweyn oo dhexroorkiisu yahay 172 sentimitir ayaa u adeegay sidii shoogga ugu weyn. Muuqaalka baabuurka ayaa isbedelo dhowr ah ku sameeyay habka wax soo saarka ballaaran. Haddii shaybaarkii ugu horreeyay ee mashiinka mashiinka ee saldhigga uu la mid yahay ballaca taksiyada, ka dibna waxay noqotay mid aad u cidhiidhi ah - si loo badbaadiyo birta. Filterka saliida-hawo-sharafeedka, oo aan ku habboonayn daboolka, ayaa marka hore la dhigay bidixda, ka dibna midigta. Waayo-aragnimada dhagax-dhigista boodhka leh ayaa soo jeedisay xal: ku rakib laba filtarrada.

Badbaadada makaanikada u adeegaya naaftada baabuurkan dheer, ilaalinta ayaa markii hore lagu rakibay dhinacyada daboolka (sawirka bidix), sanad ka dib waa laga tagay. Tirada qallafsanayaasha jidhka toosan ayaa laga bedelay min todoba waxaana laga dhigay lix. Sawirka chrome ee bison, kaas oo lagu dhejiyay daboolka MAZ-525 ee ugu horreeya, ayaa markii dambe loo qaybiyay laba "boots" - kuwan bas-reliefs ayaa lagu dhejiyay dhinacyada daboolka, xitaa markaa had iyo jeer maaha. Ilaa hadda, gaadhiga kaliya ee iska rogaha ah ee ka badbaaday Ruushka waxa loo rakibay taallo u dhow xarunta korantada ee Krasnoyarsk. Intii lagu guda jiray soo saarista baabuurta ee Belarusian Automobile Plant, bison ayaa laga waayay daboolka, iyo qoraallada "BelAZ" ayaa u muuqday meeshiisa.

Sanadkii 1959-kii, Zhodino, waxaa la isku dayay in la abuuro MAZ-525A kooras si uu uga shaqeeyo qayb ka mid ah tareenka wadada oo leh BelAZ-5271 tipper semi-trailer ee naqshadeeda, oo loogu talagalay 45 tan oo dhagax ama dhul ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waayo-aragnimadu ma ahayn mid lagu guuleysto, iyo semi-trailer ayaa galay taxane ah oo kaliya 1962-kii oo leh cagaf BelAZ-540A ka sii xoog badan. Sannad ka dib markii la bilaabay wax soo saarka ee MAZ-525 qashin-qubka macdanta, cagaf MAZ-E-525D abuuray iyada oo ku salaysan giringiriyey soo baxay irdaha of Minsk Automobile Plant. Waxaa loogu talagalay inay la shaqeyso 15-cubic-meter D-189 xoqid, kaas oo ay xamili karto oo keliya marka alaabta la raro oo la wado madhan, iyo marka jirka la buuxiyo, riixi ayaa ku xiran tareenka wadada - isla MAZ . -. E-525D oo leh ballast ku yaal dabada dambe.

Tani waxay ahayd lagama maarmaan, maadaama buuxinta qashinka loo baahan yahay 600 hp cagaf, halka awoodda MAZ ay ahayd 300 oo keliya. Hase yeeshee, baahida loo qabo riixaha marxaladdan looma tixgelin karo arrin xun, tan iyo marka la eego isticmaalka shidaalka, u adeegida qashinka laba mashiin ayaa ka waxtar badnaa hal - laba jeer oo awood ah. Ka dib oo dhan, riixuhu mid ka mid ah kuma shaqeynin, laakiin dhowr xabo oo isku mar ah, iyo masaafada weyn ee gaadiidka xamuulka, inta badan ee hal riixuhu qaadan karo, iyo waxtarka isticmaalka badan.

Xawaaraha ugu badan ee cagaf-cagaftu si buuxda u raran yahay wuxuu ahaa 28 km/h. Waxay lahayd cabbir dhan 6730x3210x3400 mm iyo 4000 mm taagerada taayirrada ah, taas oo 780 mm ka yar ta xamuulka qashinka ah ee lagu dhisay. Si toos ah gadaashiisa MAZ-E-525D taksi, baalasha uu wado mishiinka iyo xoog jiidaya ilaa 3500 kiiloogaraam ayaa lagu rakibay si loo xakameeyo xoqida. In 1952, mahad dadaalka Machadka Macdanta ee Academy of Sciences ee Yukreeniyaan SSR, bakhaarka Kharkov trolleybus iyo kalsoonida Soyuznerud, waxaa dhashay nooc cusub oo gaadiidka ah. On chassis ee MAZ-205 iyo YaAZ-210E baabuurta iska-rogooyinka, iyo laba sano ka dib, baabuurta qashin-qubka korontada taayirrada la abuuray on shan iyo labaatan ton MAZ-525.

trolleybus ee chassis tartanka MAZ-525 waxaa lagu qalabeeyay laba matoor koronto oo nooca DK-202 ah oo leh awood dhan 172 kW, oo ay gacanta ku hayaan kontaroolaha iyo afar xiriiriye oo ah nooca TP-18 ama TP-19. Matoorada korontadu waxa ay sidoo kale kordhiyeen isteerinka korontada iyo wiishka jirka. Gudbinta tamarta korontada ee warshadda korontada iyo matoorada korontada ee baabuurta ayaa loo fuliyay si la mid ah basaska caadiga ah: fiilooyinka ayaa la dhigay wadada shaqadooda, kuwaas oo taabtay gawaarida korontada ku shaqeeya oo leh laba saqaf oo saqaf ah oo lagu rakibay. . Shaqada darawallada ee mishiinnada noocan oo kale ah ayaa ka fududayd baabuurta iska-rogooyinka ee caadiga ah.

 

MAZ-525 xamuulka qashinka: caddaymaha

Horumarka dagaalka ka dib ee warshadaha Soofiyeedka ayaa horseeday koror xoog leh oo ku saabsan soo saarista macdanta, ka saarista taas oo ka soo baxday crankcase aan mar dambe lagu xamili karin baabuurta qashinka caadiga ah. Ka dib oo dhan, awoodda meydadka mass-soosaaray bilowgii tobankii sano ee ugu horeysay post-dagaal MAZ-205 iyo YaAZ-210E ahaa 3,6 iyo 8 cubic mitir, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo qaadida ma dhaafin 6 iyo 10 tan, iyo Warshadaha macdan qodista waxay u baahdeen baabuur iska-rogooyin ku dhawaad ​​labanlaab in ka badan tiradan! Horumarinta iyo soo saarista mishiinka noocan oo kale ah ayaa loo wakiishay Minsk Automobile Plant.

Hawl adag oo noocan oo kale ah ayaa ku dhacday garbaha Boris Lvovich Shaposhnik, oo ah madaxa mustaqbalka ee caanka ah ee SKB MAZ, halkaas oo la abuuray xambaaro gantaallo badan; Waqtigaas waxa uu horay u soo shaqeeyay sidii naqshadeeye madaxa, marka hore ee ZIS ah, ka dibna at Novosibirsk Automobile Plant, dhismaha kaas oo bilaabay 1945, laakiin xitaa ka hor inta aan shaqada loo wareejiyay waax kale. Shaposhnik wuxuu yimid Minsk Automobile Plant oo ay la socdaan dhowr naqshadeeyayaal kale oo ka yimid Novosibirsk bishii Noofambar 1949, iyagoo qaatay jagada madaxa xafiiska naqshadeynta dhirta (KEO). Shayga la sheegay wuxuu ahaa MAZ-525 dhagaxa mustaqbalka. Warshadaha baabuurta ee gudaha, kani waxa uu ahaa nooc asaasi ah oo cusub oo ah nooca xamuulka qaada - wax sidan oo kale ah waligeed dalkeena kama soo saarin! Oo weli

(qaadista awoodda 25 tan, culeyska guud ee 49,5 tan, mugga jirka 14,3 mitir cubic), wuxuu lahaa dhowr xalal farsamo oo horumarsan wakhtigaas. Tusaale ahaan, markii ugu horeysay ee dalkeenna, MAZ-525 waxay isticmaashay isteerinka korantada iyo sanduuqyada meeraha ee lagu dhisay xargaha taayirrada. Matoorka laga keenay Barnaul oo leh 12 dhululubada V-qaabeeya waxa uu horumariyay 300 hp, xajintu waxa ay ahayd laba-disk oo lagu daray xajin Haydarooli ah oo ilaalinaysa gudbinta, dhexroorka taayirrada ayaa ku dhawaad ​​dhaaftay dhererka qof weyn!

Dabcan, marka la eego heerarka maanta, awoodda jirka ee ugu horreeya ee MAZ-525 ee macdanta macdanta Soviet ma aha mid cajiib ah: gawaarida caadiga ah ee qashinka ah ee hadda la soo saaro, loogu talagalay wadista waddooyinka dadweynaha, waxay qaadaan qiyaas isku mid ah oo xamuul ah. Marka la eego heerarka dhexe ee qarnigii la soo dhaafay, wareejinta in ka badan 14 "cubes" hal duulimaad ayaa loo tixgeliyey guul weyn! Marka la barbardhigo: wakhtigaas YaAZ-210E, oo ah xamuulka ugu weyn ee qashinka waddooyinka gudaha, wuxuu lahaa mugga jirka oo ahaa lix "cubes" ka yar.

Wax yar ka dib markii la bilaabay wax soo saarka ballaaran ee 1951, dhowr isbeddel ayaa lagu sameeyay muuqaalka dhagaxa: dahaarka radiator semicircular waxaa lagu beddelay mid leydi ah, balladhka daboolka ayaa la yareeyey barta is dhexgalka ee taksiyada, iyo biraha yar yar ee nabdoonaanta ee xayndaabyada hore ayaa la saaray. Waxa xiisaha lihi lahaa, sannadkii 1954kii, waxa soo baxay wax-ka-beddelka baabuurta iska-rogooyinka oo laba mishiin oo trolleybus-ka ah lagu rakibay daboolka hoostiisa oo leh awood dhan 234 hp iyo pantograph oo lagu rakibay saqafka sare ee taksi. Inkasta oo horumarkani aanu noqon mid heersare ah, waxay u muuqatay mid aad u habboon: naaftada 39-litir ee qaabka caadiga ah waxay ahayd mid aad u xiiso badan, oo cunaysa 135 litir oo shidaal naafto ah 100 kiiloomitir xitaa xaaladaha ku habboon.

Wadar ahaan, in ka badan 1959 MAZ-800 ayaa lagu soo saaray Minsk Automobile Plant ilaa 525, ka dib markii wax soo saarkooda loo wareejiyay magaalada Zhodino ee cusub ee Belarusian Automobile Plant.

Wuxuu noqday BelAZ

Warshada, oo maanta soo saarta gawaarida waaweyn ee iska rogooyinka, kamay kicin meel eber ah: waxaa la abuuray iyada oo ku saleysan warshadda Zhodino Mechanical Plant, oo soo saartey gawaarida wadooyinka iyo daadgureynta. Go'aankii Golaha Dhexe ee CPSU iyo Golaha Wasiirrada ee USSR ee ku saabsan beddelka magaca Belarusian Automobile Plant wuxuu ku taariikhaysan yahay Abriil 17, 1958. Bishii Agoosto, Nikolai Ivanovich Derevyanko, oo hore u soo shaqeeyay agaasime ku xigeenka MAZ, ayaa noqday ku dhawaaqida shirkadda cusub ee la sameeyay.

Kooxda uu madax u yahay ayaa la siiyay hawsha ma aha oo kaliya in la abaabulo wax soo saarka degdega ah ee MAZ-525 ee lagama maarmaanka u ah dalka, laakiin sidoo kale abuurista khadka golaha ee tan - qashinka qashinka ee isticmaalaya mishiinka noocan oo kale ah weli lama soo saarin qof kasta aduunka ka hor.

Zhodino MAZ-525 ee ugu horreeya ee ka kooban qaybaha ay bixiso Minsk ayaa la soo ururiyey November 1, 1958, inkastoo xaqiiqda ah in qaybo badan oo qalab ah aan weli la bilaabin. Laakiin horraantii Oktoobar 1960-kii, ka dib markii ay burburisay khadka gudbinta, waxay bilowday wax soo saarkeeda madbacadaha iyo alxanka, iyo sidoo kale wax soo saarka qaybaha ugu muhiimsan iyo shirarka, Warshad Baabuurta Belarusian waxay ku wareejisay macaamiisha kun ee MAZ-525.

Gaadhigii ugu horeeyay ee iska roga macdanta guruubku waxa uu noqday aasaaska horumarinta cagafyada xamuulka qaada oo ku salaysan. Marka hore, 1952, MAZ-E-525D ayaa soo muuqday, oo loogu talagalay in lagu jiido 15-cc D-189 xoqid, oo horeba Belarusian Automobile Plant waxay tijaabisay MAZ-525, oo awood u leh inay jiidato hal-xabo-qashin semi-trailer. trailer - trailer loogu talagalay in lagu qaado ilaa 40 tan oo xamuul ah. Laakiin midkoodna midna si weyn looma isticmaalin, oo ay ugu wacan tahay awoodda mishiinka oo aan ku filnayn (tusaale ahaan, marka jidhka la shubayo, xitaa xoqitaanka ayaa loo malaynayay in lagu riixo baabuur riixaya, isla MAZ-525 oo leh ballast lagu rakibay qaabka. ). Baabuurka iska rogaha saldhiga waxa uu lahaa dhowr cilladood oo muhiim ah. Ugu horrayn, waa injineer-ka-badan, macdan aad u badan, gudbinta aan fiicnayn, xawaarihiisa hoose iyo malaha dabada danbe ee hakin. Sidaa darteed, horeyba 1960-kii, naqshadeeyayaasha Belarusian Automobile Plant waxay bilaabeen inay naqshadeeyaan aasaaska cusub ee BelAZ-540 qashinka qashinka, kaas oo noqday awoowaha qoyska weyn ee Zhodino baabuurta waaweyn ee hoos yimaada astaanta BelAZ. Waxa uu bedelay MAZ-525 on gaadiidka, wax soo saarka kaas oo la yareeyey 1965.