Tusaha rarka taayirka
Tusmo
Tusaha rarka taayirka - tilmaanta tirada caadiga ah ee muujinaysa waxa culayska weyn ee taayirku u adkeysan karo hawlgalka muddada dheer. Macluumaadkani waa lagama maarmaan si loo doorto taayirada saxda ah, oo markaa la hubiyo socodka badbaadada iyo raaxada leh. Si loo qeexo tusmada culeyska taayirka, miis ayaa la isticmaalaa, kaasoo tusinaya nambarada tirooyinka ee tusaha iyo qiyamka caadiga ah ee cufka uXNUMX u dhigma.
Qiimaha rarka (MAX LOAD) iyo cadaadiska taayirka
Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaan ku siin doonaa miiska noocaas ah, iyo sidoo kale ku siin macluumaad ku saabsan index xawaaraha, taas oo sidoo kale muhiim u ah markaad dooranayso taayirka. Waxaad akhrin kartaa inta ka hartay macluumaadka ku saabsan calaamadaynta laga heli karo taayirada marka lagu daro.
Go'aaminta tusmada culeyska
Ugu horreyntii, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad xasuusato in qiimaha tirooyinka ee tusaha culeyska ee lagu bixiyo taayirada waa shuruud! Taasi waa, tirooyinkani macnaheedu maaha miisaanka ugu sarreeya ee taayirka loogu talagalay. Marka tusmada culaysku kordho, miisaanka ugu badan ee la ogolyahay ee gaadhiga loogu talagalay ayaa sidoo kale kordho.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, marka la eego codsiga, darawaliin badan ayaa xiiseynaya su'aal fudud marka ay iibsanayaan taayirrada cusub - tusmada culeyska taayirka ee la dooranayo hal kiis ama mid kale? Way fududahay in laga jawaabo. Waxaa jira laba ikhtiyaar. Midda kowaad waa inaad ku waydiiso macluumaadka la xidhiidha buug-gacmeedka baabuurkaaga ama suugaanta tixraaca. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah automakers ayaa si toos ah u tilmaamaya macluumaadka in model gaar ah u baahan yahay taayir leh sida iyo index load sida (la mid ah waxay khusaysaa index xawaaraha, inkastoo doorashada waa ka sahlan halkaas, laakiin in ka badan oo ku saabsan in ka dib). Doorashada labaad waa in aad adigu xisaabiso.
Tusmada xamuulka ee baabuurta rakaabka waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa iyadoo lagu salaynayo culeyska aan rarneyn ee baabuurka leh culeyska ugu badan. Taasi waa, tirada baabuurka qalabaysan (oo leh taangiga shidaalka si buuxda loo buuxiyey, dareeraha nidaamka, qalabka dayactirka, taayirrada firaaqada, iyo wixii la mid ah), tirada ugu badan ee dadka la dhigo ayaa lagu daray baabuurta sida caadiga ah waa 5), iyo sidoo kale qaar ka mid ah tiro ka mid ah xamuulka dheeraad ah (waxay ku xiran tahay baabuur gaar ah, baabuurta yaryar waxay noqon kartaa 100 ... 200 kg, iyo SUVs - in ka badan 500 kg). Qiyaasta qiimaha tusmooyinka ee noocyada kala duwan ee baabuurta:
- 60 - culeyska ilaa 250 kg - baabuurta A-class;
- 68 - ilaa 315 kg halkii giraangiraha - wakiilada fasalka B;
- 75 - 387 kg halkii wheel - loogu talagalay baabuurta C-class;
- 87 - 545 kg culeyska - loogu talagalay minivans iyo crossovers;
- 99 - 775 kg - SUVs iyo baabuurta ganacsiga fudud.
ka dibna tirada ugu badan ee ka soo baxda waa in loo qaybiyaa afar (mashiinnada dhaqameed ee leh afar taayir). Kadibna ku dar 35…40% saamiyada. Markaad samaysay xisaabaadka fudud ee noocaas ah, waxaad heli doontaa qiimaha saxda ah ee kiiloogaraam oo ay tahay inuu taayirku u adkaysto. Marxaladda ugu dambeysa waa doorashada calaamadda tusmada culeyska baabuurka sida ku cad shaxda. Fadlan ogow inaad u baahan tahay inaad doorato isku-xidhka u dhigma qiimaha ugu dhow ee UGU SARE..
Si aanad u dhibin xisaabinta tusmada culeyska ee looga baahan yahay taayirada gaarigaaga, waxaa suurtagal ah in si degdeg ah loo xisaabiyo wax kasta oo ku saabsan xisaabiyaha gaarka ah. Isla markiiba waxay ku siin doontaa lambarka saxda ah.
Dhab ahaantii si loo soo saaro stock taayirrada danbegaar ahaan haddii aad inta badan qaaddo rar culus. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ha noqon mid qiirada leh oo dooro taayirrada leh index aad u sarreeya. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in culeyska badan ee taayirka loogu talagalay, in badan oo caag ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa soo saaristiisa. Sida waafaqsan, taayirrada noocan oo kale ah ayaa noqon doona mid culus, oo halkan ka muuqda saddex arrimood oo taban.
Marka hore waa in mishiinka gubashada gudaha lagu qasbi doono inuu bixiyo dadaal dheeri ah (iyo markaa shidaal!), Si loo rogo giraangiraha culus. Midda labaad ayaa ah in taayirka culusi uu aad u qallafsanaan doono, sidaas darteedna ay dhib ku noqon doonto in lagu fuulo. Midda saddexaad - oo leh taayirro culus, joojinta baabuurka ayaa la kulma culeys dheeraad ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in muddada hawlgalka caadiga ah la dhimay.
ka dib waxaan ku siin miiska balan qaaday oo kaa caawin doona inaad decipher index load taayirrada (halkan waxaad ka heli doontaa qiimaha taayirka \ u60b\u125b dhammaan noocyada baabuurta - baabuurta, SUVs, baabuurta, iyo wixii la mid ah). Baabuurta iyo SUV-yada, taayirrada leh qiimihiisu yahay XNUMX ilaa XNUMX ayaa loo isticmaalaa (sida ay u kala horreeyaan, baabuurta fasalka "A" ilaa SUVs culus).
Tusmada xamuulka | Miisaanka ugu badan, kg | Tusmada xamuulka | Miisaanka ugu badan, kg |
0 | 45 | 100 | 800 |
1 | 46,2 | 101 | 825 |
2 | 47,5 | 102 | 850 |
3 | 48,7 | 103 | 875 |
4 | 50 | 104 | 900 |
5 | 51,5 | 105 | 925 |
6 | 53 | 106 | 950 |
7 | 54,5 | 107 | 975 |
8 | 56 | 108 | 1000 |
9 | 58 | 109 | 1030 |
10 | 60 | 110 | 1060 |
11 | 61,5 | 111 | 1090 |
12 | 63 | 112 | 1120 |
13 | 65 | 113 | 1150 |
14 | 67 | 114 | 1180 |
15 | 69 | 115 | 1215 |
16 | 71 | 116 | 1250 |
17 | 73 | 117 | 1285 |
18 | 75 | 118 | 1320 |
19 | 77,5 | 119 | 1360 |
20 | 80 | 120 | 1400 |
21 | 82,5 | 121 | 1450 |
22 | 85 | 122 | 1500 |
23 | 87,5 | 123 | 1550 |
24 | 90 | 124 | 1600 |
25 | 92,5 | 125 | 1650 |
26 | 95 | 126 | 1700 |
27 | 97 | 127 | 1750 |
28 | 100 | 128 | 1800 |
29 | 103 | 129 | 1850 |
30 | 106 | 130 | 1900 |
31 | 109 | 131 | 1950 |
32 | 112 | 132 | 2000 |
33 | 115 | 133 | 2060 |
34 | 118 | 134 | 2120 |
35 | 121 | 135 | 2180 |
36 | 125 | 136 | 2240 |
37 | 128 | 137 | 2300 |
38 | 132 | 138 | 2360 |
39 | 136 | 139 | 2430 |
40 | 140 | 140 | 2500 |
41 | 145 | 141 | 2575 |
42 | 150 | 142 | 2650 |
43 | 155 | 143 | 2725 |
44 | 160 | 144 | 2800 |
45 | 165 | 145 | 2900 |
46 | 170 | 146 | 3000 |
47 | 175 | 147 | 3075 |
48 | 180 | 148 | 3150 |
49 | 185 | 149 | 3250 |
50 | 190 | 150 | 3350 |
51 | 195 | 151 | 3450 |
52 | 200 | 152 | 3550 |
53 | 206 | 153 | 3650 |
54 | 212 | 154 | 3750 |
55 | 218 | 155 | 3875 |
56 | 224 | 156 | 4000 |
57 | 230 | 157 | 4125 |
58 | 236 | 158 | 4250 |
59 | 243 | 159 | 4375 |
60 | 250 | 160 | 4500 |
61 | 257 | 161 | 4625 |
62 | 265 | 162 | 4750 |
63 | 272 | 163 | 4875 |
64 | 280 | 164 | 5000 |
65 | 290 | 165 | 5150 |
66 | 300 | 166 | 5300 |
67 | 307 | 167 | 5450 |
68 | 315 | 168 | 5600 |
69 | 325 | 169 | 5800 |
70 | 335 | 170 | 6000 |
71 | 345 | 171 | 6150 |
72 | 355 | 172 | 6300 |
73 | 365 | 173 | 6500 |
74 | 375 | 174 | 6700 |
75 | 387 | 175 | 6900 |
76 | 400 | 176 | 7100 |
77 | 412 | 177 | 7300 |
78 | 425 | 178 | 7500 |
79 | 437 | 179 | 7750 |
80 | 450 | 180 | 8000 |
81 | 462 | 181 | 8250 |
82 | 475 | 182 | 8500 |
83 | 487 | 183 | 8750 |
84 | 500 | 184 | 9000 |
85 | 515 | 185 | 9250 |
86 | 530 | 186 | 9500 |
87 | 545 | 187 | 9750 |
88 | 560 | 188 | 10000 |
89 | 580 | 189 | 10300 |
90 | 600 | 190 | 10600 |
91 | 615 | 191 | 10900 |
92 | 630 | 192 | 11200 |
93 | 650 | 193 | 11500 |
94 | 670 | 194 | 11800 |
95 | 690 | 195 | 12150 |
96 | 710 | 196 | 12500 |
97 | 730 | 197 | 12850 |
98 | 750 | 198 | 13200 |
99 | 775 | 199 | 13600 |
Heerka xawaaraha
Tilmaamaha tusmada culeyska iyo xawaaraha taayirka ee dusha sare ee caagga ayaa ku yaal meel u dhow. Tanina ma aha shil, sababtoo ah way isku xidhan yihiin. Si ka duwan culeyska, tusmada xawaaruhu waxa ay leedahay calaamad xarfo ah oo xarfaha Laatiinka ah (laga bilaabo A ilaa Z). Tusaale ahaan, waxaad ka heli kartaa qiyamka 92S ama 88T ee taayirka, taas oo noqon doonta kaliya magacaabista wadajirka ah ee labada tilmaame ee la sheegay.
Tusmada xawaaraha waxaa si gaar ah loo ag dhigaa tusmada culeyska. Macluumaadkani waxa uu siinayaa fikrad. rar noocee ah ayaa taayirku u adkeysan karaa xawaaraha ugu badan.
Go'aaminta tusmada xawaaraha taayirka waa mid aad u fudud. Marka uu xarafku u dhawaado dhammaadka alifbeetada, waa hadba inta uu taayirku u sii dheereeyo. Waxa kaliya ee ka reeban waa xarafka H, oo ku yaal inta u dhaxaysa U iyo V. Markaa, waxaanu ku siinaynaa miis la mid ah kaas oo aad ku caddayn karto xawaaraha ugu badan ee kan ama taayirkaas loogu talagalay.
Heerka xawaaraha | Xawaaraha ugu badan, km / saacadii |
A | 40 |
B | 50 |
C | 60 |
D | 65 |
E | 70 |
F | 80 |
G | 90 |
J | 100 |
K | 110 |
L | 120 |
M | 130 |
N | 140 |
P | 150 |
Q | 160 |
R | 170 |
S | 180 |
T | 190 |
U | 200 |
H | 210 |
V | 240 |
W | 270 |
Y | 300 |
VR | > 210 |
ZR | > 240 |
(W) | > 270 |
Z | > 300 |
Sida loo doorto tusmooyinka rarka iyo xawaaraha
Go'aaminta tusmooyinka rarka iyo xawaaraha
Xeerarka Yurub ECE-R54 waxay u baahan yihiin dhammaan soosaarayaasha taayirada inay ku dhejiyaan qiimaha index of load iyo xawaaraha iyaga. Xaaladdan oo kale, tusmada culeyska ayaa badanaa la tilmaamaa hal rakibid giraangiraha xagal dhinac ah. Haddii caag loo isticmaali karo rakibaadda labajibbaaran, markaa laba qiyam ayaa lagu muujiyay xariiq. Tusaale ahaan, 102/100R. Lambarka koowaad waa hal rakibid, ka labaadna waa rakibid labajibbaaran. Taayirada waxay leeyihiin magacyo labanlaaban oo kale ah Heerka ganacsiga, kuwaas oo, si waafaqsan xeerar isku mid ah, lagu rakibi karo ma aha oo kaliya baabuurta, laakiin sidoo kale baabuurta yaryar iyo kuwa yaryar (taas oo ah, baabuurta ganacsiga). Taayirada noocan oo kale ah waxaa sidoo kale lagu muujiyey xarafka C ama ereyga Ganacsi.
Sida tusmada xawaaraha, kaliya ma saameynayso xawaaraha ugu badan ee la oggol yahay kaas oo taayirka loogu talagalay. Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay inaadan wadin karin wakhti dheer (in ka badan nus saac) xawaarahan ugu badan. Tan waxa u sabab ah xidhashada taayirka oo xad dhaaf ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, waa nafta halis geliya, sababtoo ah xawaaraha sare ee caaggu waa inuu ku shaqeeyaa si caadi ah, ma aha hababka muhiimka ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo oggol yahay in lagu wado wakhti dheer xawaare 10 ... 15% ka hooseeya inta ugu badan ee la oggol yahay. Sababaha noocan oo kale ah waxay si gaar ah u khuseeyaan waddooyinka xun, marka caaggu si joogto ah u galo godadka, godadka iyo kuuskuusyada.
Marka aad dooranayso taayirrada index-ka xawaaraha, sida kiiska culeyska, ma dooran kartid taayir "degdeg ah". Xaqiiqdu waxay tahay in sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee taayirka loogu talagalay, ay u jilicsan tahay. Sidaa darteed, waxay yeelan doontaa si ka wanaagsan oo la isku halleyn karo oo ku saabsan dusha waddada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caag noocan oo kale ah ayaa badan dhaqso u daataan (xusuusnow inta jeer ee taayirada lagu beddelo tartanka Formula 1). Taasi waa sababta aan lagugula talin inaad iibsato taayirro aad u dheereeya baabuurta caadiga ah ee loo isticmaalo magaalooyinka.
Natiijooyinka
Waxaan hubnaa in macluumaadka kor ku xusan ay kaa caawin doonaan inaad fahamto waxa culeyska iyo xawaaraha tusmooyinka taayirada ay ka dhigan yihiin, kuwaas oo magacyadoodu ay ku yaalliin gadaasha qiimaha cabbirka taayirka. Tani waxay kaa caawin doontaa inaad samayso doorashada saxda ah. Isla mar ahaantaana, ha iloobin inaad ka tagto meel yar oo ah 10 ... 20% labadaba tusmooyinka si aad u hubiso raaxada wadista iyo badbaadada wadada.