Sida loo akhriyo Analog Multimeter Readings (Hagaha 4-talaabo)

Waxaad waydiin kartaa sababta aad ugu baahan tahay inaad ogaato sida loo isticmaalo multimeter A/D wakhtigan dhijitaalka ah.

Dhinaca tijaabada elektaroonigga ah, multimeter-yada analogga ah waa qalab la isku halayn karo. Khubarada ayaa wali u isticmaala mitirka analooga si ay u xaliyaan cilad-saarka meelaha qaar iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay saxnimadooda iyo beddelkooda dhabta ah ee qiyamka RMS.

Wax badan ayaan hoos ku soo koobayaa

Sida loo akhriyo cabbirka analoogga

Miisaanka analooga ahi waxa uu ka kooban yahay sadar iyo tirooyin badan. Tani waxay jahawareer ku noqon kartaa kuwa bilawga ah, markaa halkan waxaad ku baran doontaa farsamooyinka aasaasiga ah ee si sax ah loo akhriyo miisaanka:

1. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa miisaanka ohmic (xariiqda sare waa Ω) si aad u xisaabiso iska caabbinta bidix ilaa midig. Waa in aad ku dhufato cabbirka cabbirka inta la doortay iyadoo lagu saleynayo tirada la cayimay. Haddii xadkaagu yahay 1 kΩ oo tilmaamuhu uu ku taagan yahay 5, akhriskaagu wuxuu noqonayaa 5 kΩ.
2. Waa inaad isla si la mid ah u sameyso isku-habaynta taako ka mid ah cabbirrada tirada oo dhan.
3. Waxaad ku cabbiri kartaa kala duwanaanshaha danabka iyo hadda miisaanka ka hooseeya cabbirka ohmic. Danabka DC-ga iyo hadda waxa lagu cabbiraa ku xiga miisaanka ohmic ee xariiqda madow. Xariiqda cas ayaa had iyo jeer u taagan cabbirrada AC. Waxaa muhiim ah in la xasuusto in ay tahay in aad qiimeyso xogta hadda iyo korantada midig ilaa bidix.

Si aad u akhrido mitirka analooga ah, raac tillaabooyinkan:

Tallaabada 1: Ku xidh multimeter-ka analooga ah ee horseedaha tijaabada. Isticmaal qaabaynta soo socota si aad u cabbirto tirooyin kala duwan:

Isticmaal kiisaska:

• Cabbirka korantadaFiiro gaar ah: Si aad u cabbirto danab, waa inaad mitirka dejisaa ACV (voltka beddelka hadda jira) ama DCV (voltka hadda taagan), iyadoo ku xidhan nooca danabka la cabbirayo.
• Cabbirka haddaFiiro gaar ah: Si aad u cabbirto hadda, waa inaad mitirka u dejisaa kala duwanaanshaha ACA (AC) ama DCA (Direct Current), iyadoo ku xidhan hadba inta hadda la cabbirayo.
• Cabbirka iska caabinta: Waxaad mitirka u dejin lahayd qiyaasta ohm (ohm).
• Tijaabada sii wadida: Si aad u tijaabiso sii socoshada, waa inaad mitirka u dhigtaa kala duwanaanshaha tijaabada sii wadida, oo ay inta badan ku muujiso calaamad sida diode ama sameecad.
• Hubinta transistorsFiiro gaar ah: Waa inaad mitirka u dejisaa inta u dhaxaysa hFE (transistor gain) si aad u tijaabiso transistors-yada.
• Hubinta CapacitorsJ: Si aad u tijaabiso capacitors, waa in aad mitirka u dhigtaa xadiga awooda (uF).
• Tijaabada diodeFiiro gaar ah: Si aad u tijaabiso diodes-ka, waa in aad mitirka u dhigtaa kala duwanaanshaha tijaabada diode-ka, oo ay inta badan muujiso calaamad sida diode ama delta.

Tallaabada 2: Ku dheji baadhitaannada tijaabada shayga lagu cabbirayo qaabayn kasta oo hubi akhrinta miisaanka. Waxaan u isticmaali doonaa tusaale ahaan la socodka korantada DC ee dooddan.

Tallaabada 3: Geli tijaabada horseedda labada daraf ee baytari AA ah (qiyaastii 9V). Iyadoo ku xiran kala duwanaanshaha la doortay, tilmaamuhu waa inuu ku beddelmaa miisaan. Cirbaddu waa inay ahaataa inta u dhaxaysa 8 iyo 10 miisaanka haddii batterigaagu si buuxda u dallaco. 

Tallaabada 4: Isticmaal hab isku mid ah si aad u cabbirto tirada habaynta kala duwan.

Sidii hore loo sheegay, xulashada tirada iyo isku dhufashada ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah akhrinta analogga saxda ah. (1)

Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad ku cabbirayso danabka baytariga baabuurka oo leh multimeter A/D, cabbirku waa inuu ka weynaadaa. Waxaad u baahan doontaa inaad sameyso isku dhufasho fudud si aad u akhrido wax soo saarka u dambeeya.

Haddii kala duwanaanshaha korantada DC-gaagu yahay 250V irbadduna ay u dhaxayso 50 iyo 100, danabku wuxuu noqonayaa ilaa 75 volts iyadoo ku xidhan meesha saxda ah.

Hordhaca guddiga

Fahamka guddiga aaladda ayaa sidoo kale muhiim u ah akhrinta multimeterka analoogga ah. Tani waa waxa aad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato:

• Volt (B): unugga kala duwanaanshaha awoodda korantada ama xoogga korantada. Waxay cabbirtaa danab, farqiga awoodda korantada ee u dhexeeya labada dhibcood ee wareegga.
• Cod-weyneyaasha (A): Unug koronto ah Waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu cabbiro qulqulka kharashka korantada ee wareegga.
• Ohm (Ohm): Waa unug iska caabin koronto ah. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu cabbiro caabbinta curiyaha ama wareegga wareegga.
• qulqulo yaryar (μA): Halbeeg koronto ah oo u dhigma hal milyan oo ampere. Waxay cabbirtaa qulqulo aad u yar, sida transistor ama qayb kale oo yar oo elektaroonig ah.
• kiilo (kΩ): ​​Unug iska caabin koronto oo le'eg 1,000 Ω. Waxay cabbirtaa heerar aad u sarreeya oo iska caabin ah, tusaale ahaan resistor ama curiye kale oo wareeg ah.
• megomms (mΩ): Waa unug iska caabin koronto oo le'eg 1 milyan ohms. Waxay cabbirtaa heerar aad u sarreeya oo iska caabin ah, sida tijaabada dahaarka ama cabbir kale oo khaas ah.
• istaroog waxay u taagan tahay danabka AC iyo DCV waxay u taagan tahay danabka DC.
• Interleaving (AC) waa koronto oo xilliyada qaar beddela jihada. Kani waa nooca hadda ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo nidaamyada tamarta gudaha iyo warshadaha waxayna leedahay inta jeer ee 50 ama 60 Hz (hertz) inta badan adduunka.
• DC (DC) waa koronto ku socota hal jiho oo kaliya. Inta badan waxaa loo adeegsadaa wareegyada elektiroonigga ah iyo aaladaha sida baytariyada iyo baalayaasha cadceedda.
• istaroog и CVD cabbiradu waxay cabbiraan farqiga u dhexeeya labada dhibcood ee wareegga. Cabbirrada korantada AC waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu cabbiro danabka AC iyo cabbirada korantada DC ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu cabbiro danabka DC.

Multimeter-ka analooga ah waxa kale oo laga yaabaa inuu lahaado akhrinyo kale ama miisaan xagga garaaca ama miisaanka, taas oo ku xidhan sifooyinka gaarka ah ee mitirka iyo awoodaha. Waa muhiim in la tixraaco buug-gacmeedka ama tilmaamaha multimeter-ka gaarka ah ee loo adeegsanayo si loo fahmo macnaha qiimayaashan.

Dhinaca bidix ee hoose ee mitirka mitirka, waa inaad aragto meesha aad ku dhejin karto baaritaanka.

Waxaad markaa ka heli kartaa doorashooyin badan iyada oo loo marayo dekedaha ku yaal geeska midig ee hoose. Marka aad u baahan tahay inaad leexiso polarity-ka cabbiraadda, beddelka polarity-ka ikhtiyaariga ah ayaa ku anfacaya. Waxaad isticmaali kartaa furaha dhexe si aad u doorato qiimaha la cabbiray iyo tirada aad rabto.

Tusaale ahaan, u leexo dhanka bidix haddii aad rabto inaad ku cabbirto kala duwanaanshaha danabka (AC) adigoo isticmaalaya multimeterka analoogga ah.

Talooyin iyo tabo muhiim ah

• Markaad isticmaalayso multimeter-yada analoogga ah, dooro kala duwanaansho ku habboon natiijooyin la isku halayn karo. Waa inaad tan samaysaa kahor iyo inta lagu jiro cabbirka tirada. (2)
• Had iyo jeer hagaaji multimeter-kaaga analoogga ah ka hor inta aanad samaynin wax tijaabo ah oo halis ah ama cilad-raadinta. Waxaan aad ugu talinayaa sixid toddobaadle ah haddii aad isticmaasho qalabkaaga maalin kasta.
• Haddii aad ku aragto isbeddello la taaban karo xagga cabbiraadaha, waa waqtigii la beddeli lahaa baytariyada.
• Haddii aad hubto qiimaha saxda ah ee qiimaha la qiyaasay ee volts, had iyo jeer dooro xadka ugu sarreeya.

talooyinka

(1) isku dhufashada - https://www.britannica.com/science/multiplication

(2) cabbirka tirada - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/

pii/026322419600022X