Mashruuca 68K cruisers
Zheleznyakov inta lagu guda jiro tijaabooyinka badda. Sawirka markabka oo ku socda xawaare sare ayaa loo badinayaa in lagu qaaday koror mayl. Badbaadiyeyaasha Soofiyeedka ee mashaariicda 26, 26bis, 68K iyo 68bis waxay lahaayeen khadadka xarrago leh, oo leh talis Talyaani ah.
Bartamihii 30-meeyadii, qorshayaal ballaaran oo lagu dhisayo maraakiibta badda u socda ayaa laga sameeyay USSR. Ka mid ah fasallada gaarka ah iyo kuwa hoose ee maraakiibta, maraakiibta fudud, ee loogu talagalay inay ka shaqeeyaan qayb ka mid ah kooxaha dusha sare ee mustaqbalka, ayaa ahaa muhiim. Si ka duwan mashaariicda maraakiibta ee nooca 26 Kirov iyo nooca 26bis Maxim Gorky oo horeyba loogu dhisay maraakiibta gudaha iyadoo la kaashanayo Talyaaniga, kuwa cusub ayaa loo maleynayay in lagu garto sifooyin yar oo xad dhaaf ah.
Bishii Maarso 1936, Guddiga VMO RKKA (Ciidanka Badda ee Shaqaalaha Christian Red Army, oo hadda ka dib loo yaqaan ZVMS) waxay soo jeediyeen soo jeedinta Golaha Shacabka ee Commissars (ie, dawladda Soofiyeedka) ee fasallada (class-hoosaadka) ee maraakiibta. la dhisayo. , oo ay ku jiraan maraakiibta iftiinka leh ee 180 mm madaafiicda (mashruuca la hagaajiyay ee 26 nooca Kirov). Go'aanka Golaha Shaqada iyo Difaaca ee USSR ee ku taariikhaysan May 27, 1936 ayaa go'aamiyay tirada mustaqbalka "maleeshiyo waaweyn" (8 saf oo barokac ah oo ah 35 tan iyo 000 of 12 tan), oo ay ku jiraan maraakiib culus oo leh cabbirka madaafiicda. of 26 mm, in ku dhawaad dhammaan dhinacyada ka sarreeya Sevastopol-class dagaal ee adeegga. ZVMS iyo Agaasinka ugu weyn ee dhismaha maraakiibta badda (oo hadda loo yaqaan GUK) ayaa la faray inay diyaariyaan barnaamij loogu talagalay dhismaha maraakiibtan, oo burburay sanadihii la soo dhaafay ilaa 000, isla markiibana bilaabaan naqshadeynta cutubyada toosan, iyo sidoo kale. sida safarrada culus iyo kuwa fudud.
Waxaa xusid mudan hamiga ka dhashay qorshayaashii Soofiyeedka. Markii hore, wadarta guud ee maraakiibta la tilmaamay in la dhisayo waxay ahayd 1 tan (!), Taas oo aad uga fog awoodaha warshadaha maxalliga ah (marka la barbardhigo, waxay la mid tahay wadarta tan ee Ciidanka Badda Royal iyo Ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka muddada ay wada hadlayeen). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, yeynan iloobin, si kastaba ha ahaatee, meesha iyo xaaladaha "qorshayaashan" la sameeyay. Marka hore, awoodaha badda waxay dhiseen maraakiib culus, iyo marka labaad, wakhtigaas ee USSR waxay ahayd mid adag oo khatar ah in laga hortago aragtida "khadka guud". Raadinta xalalka cusubi ma dhici karto xaaladaha cadaadis siyaasadeed oo aan horay loo arag, taas oo ugu sarreysay ay dhacday bartamihii 727-meeyadii. Tan iyo markii la waayay meel aan raad ku lahayn Stalinist Gulag, qofna ma nabad qabo, oo ay ku jiraan hoggaamiyeyaasha maraakiibta iyo warshadaha. Taasi waxay keentay khalkhal ku yimi geeddi-socodkii wax-soo-saarka, dib-u-dhac la'aana waxay keentay hoos u dhac ku yimi tayada wax-soo-saarka (dhibaatooyinka oo dhan waxay si fudud u qoran yihiin "mashqadaha cadowga dadka"), sidaas awgeed, jadwalka bixinta markabka iyo qorshayaashooda dhismaha ayaa ahaa carqaladay.
Bishii Juun 26, 1936, go'aan dawladeed, go'aan rasmi ah ayaa la sameeyay si loo dhiso "bad weyn iyo badda" oo awood u leh inay si firfircoon ula dagaallamaan ciidamada badda ee "mid ka mid ah dawladaha caasimadda ama isbahaysigooda." Sidaa darteed, barnaamijka "dhismaha maraakiibta badda ee weyn" ayaa la ansixiyay, taasoo bixisa wax soo saarka fasallada muhiimka ah ee soo socda (fasalada hoose):
- maraakiibta dagaalka "A" (35 tan, 000 unug - 8 ee Fleet Baltic iyo 4 ee badda madow);
- nooca B (26 ton, 000 cutub - 16 at the Pacific Fleet, 6 at Baltic Fleet, 4 ee badda madow iyo 4 at Severny Fleet);
- Maraakiibta fudud ee nooc cusub ah (7500 tan, 5 unug - 3 oo ku taal Baltic Fleet iyo 2 on the Northern Fleet);
- Doonyaha fudud ee fasalka Kirov (7300 tan, 15 unug - 8 ee Fleet Pacific, 3 ee Baltic iyo 4 ee Badda Madow).
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, July 17, 1937, heshiis Anglo-Soviet ah ayaa lagu saxiixay London si loo yareeyo tirada maraakiibta ee dabaqyada ugu muhiimsan, sida uu USSR ballanqaaday in ay u hoggaansamaan heshiisyada caalamiga ah ee berrinkii hubka badda iyo xadka ka soo baxa iyaga. Tani waxay sabab u ahayd go'aan kale oo dawladeed, oo la ansixiyay Agoosto 13-15, "ku saabsan dib-u-eegista barnaamijkii dhismaha maraakiibta 1936." Bishii Sebtembar ee sanadkan, dawladda ayaa la soo bandhigay "Qorshaha Dhismaha Maraakiibta ee Ciidanka Badda Cas", kaas oo isla cutubyo isku mid ah ay weli ka adkaadeen: 6 Nooca A (4 ee Baasifigga Pacific iyo 2 ee Northern Fleet), 12 Nooca B (2 loogu talagalay Maraakiibta Baasifigga, 6 ee Baltytsk Fleet
iyo 4 loogu talagalay Badda Madow), 10 culus iyo 22 markab fudud (oo ay ku jiraan fasalka Kirov). Qorshahan si rasmi ah looma ansixin. Hirgelinteeda ayaa sidoo kale su'aal laga keenay, laakiin naqshadeynta maraakiibta, iyo iyaga oo leh hababka hubka ee maqan, ayaa sii socday.
Bishii Febraayo 1938, Shaqaalaha Badda ee ugu muhiimsan waxay u soo bandhigeen Commissariat ee Warshadaha "Barnaamijka dhismaha maraakiibta dagaalka iyo caawinta 1938-1945." Ka hor inta uusan dillaacin dagaalka Jarmalka (June 22, 1941), waxaa loo yaqaanay "barnaamijka weyn" waxaana ka mid ahaa: 15 maraakiibta dagaalka, 15 maraakiibta culus, 28 fudud (oo ay ku jiraan 6 fasalka Kirov) iyo fasalo kale oo badan. iyo noocyada. Fiiro gaar ah ayaa loo soo jeedinayaa dhimista tirada maraakiibta dagaalka iyada oo la kordhinayo xaaladaha maraakiibta fudud. Bishii Agoosto 6, 1939, Taliyaha cusub ee Dadka ee Ciidanka Badda NG Kuznetsov wuxuu u soo bandhigay dawladda "Qorshaha Dhismaha Maraakiibta Toban-Sano," kaas oo bixiya dhismaha, oo ay ku jiraan: 15 maraakiibta nooca A, 16 culus iyo 32 iftiin. cruisers (oo ay ku jiraan. 6 "Kirov"). Iyadoo la tixgelinayo awoodaha dhabta ah ee warshadaha, oo ay ku jiraan meelo ku yaal ramps, waxaa loo qaybiyay laba koorso oo shan sano ah - 1938-1942 iyo 1943-1947. Inkasta oo ujeedada ugu weyn ee qorshayaashani ay ahayd dhismaha maraakiibta culus ee madaafiicda, oo uu Comrade Stalin shakhsi ahaan u jeclaa, maraakiibta fudud ayaa sidoo kale qayb muhiim ah ka ahaa samaynta qorshaysan waxayna u baahdeen fiiro gaar ah. Qorshaha horumarinta ee kor ku xusan ee Ciidanka Badda Cas ee 1936 waxay tixgeliyeen baahida loo qabo markab cusub oo fasalkan ah, oo loogu talagalay hawlgallada qayb ka mid ah koox-kooxeed toosan.
