Lavochkin La-5
Hal-kuris La-5 ee Dagaalkii Waddaniga Weyn
Hal-matoorka Midowgii Soofiyeedka Hal Kursiga La-5 ee Dagaalkii Waddaniga Weyn waxaa lagu sameeyay xafiiska naqshadeynta Semyon Alekseevich Lavochkin si uu u nadiifiyo oo u beddelo LaGG-3, dagaalyahan alwaax ah oo ku qalabaysan dareere-qabow M-qaabeeya. mishiinka. 105 matoorka khadka. Diyaaradan cusub ayaa ka duwanaatay noocii hore gaar ahaan matoorka cusub ee M-82.
Qeybtii hore ee dagaalkii weynaa ee Patriotic, dhibaatada ugu weyn ee dagaalyahannada Soofiyeedka waxay ahayd la'aanta matoorada ku habboon iyo tayada liidata ee wax soo saarkooda. Awoodda aan ku filnayn ee hababka kicinta ee la heli karo ma ogola in la helo sifooyinka loo baahan yahay - duulimaadka sare iyo xawaaraha sare ee lagama maarmaanka u ah in la sameeyo dagaal siman oo lala yeesho cadowga. Sidaa darteed, wax yar oo dheeraad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay in la sheego oo ku saabsan matooradii Soviet ka hor dagaalkii hore.
Ilaa dhamaadkii 20-meeyadii, warshada matoorka dayuuradaha Soofiyeedka ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u horumaray. Inta lagu jiro muddadan, hal kaliya oo run ahaantii engine ayaa la qorsheeyay oo waxay ahayd xiddigga M-11 M-1892 ee Arkady Dmitrievich Shevchenov (1953-4), kaas oo la dhisay warshad No. 1924 (oo la aasaasay shirkadda Faransiiska ee Salmson ka hor Adduunka. Dagaal). Waxaan joogaa Moscow Tan iyo 1921, AD Shvetsov, oo ka qalin jabiyay Dugsiga Farsamada ee Moscow ee 11, ayaa noqday injineerka ugu sarreeya ee warshadan, si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhab ahaantii, wuxuu kaliya kormeeray horumarinta mishiinka, Nikolai Vasilyevich Okroshenko wuxuu ahaa naqshadeeye dhabta ah. Shan-dhululubo M-100 leh awood 2 hp ah Waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu tababaro diyaaradaha waxaana si fiican loogu yaqaanaa Po-1930 "galley" halyeeyga (USSR, mashiinkan waxaa la soo saaray 1952-XNUMX).
Mashiinkii ugu horreeyay ee awoodda sare ee Soofiyeedka wuxuu ahaa M-34, oo uu sameeyay Alexander Alekseevich Mikulin (1895-1985), oo uu awoowe u yahay aerodynamicist caanka ah Nikolai Evgenievich Zhukovsky. In kasta oo aanu waligii ka qalin jabin machadka Kiev Polytechnic, oo uu hakad geliyay dillaacii dagaalkii koowaad ee adduunka, haddana sannadkii 1923kii waxa uu caawiye cilmi-baadhis ka noqday machadka cilmi-baadhista mishiinnada baabuurta ee Moscow, halkaas oo uu laba sannadood ka dib noqday naqshadeeyaha mishiinnada diyaaradaha. Halkan 1928-kii waxa uu ka bilaabay shaqada V-engine biyaha qaboojiyey 12-dhululubo ah. 1930kii, waxa uu u guuray mashruuciisii machadka matoorada dayuuradaha (kadib machadka dhexe ee matoorada dayuuradaha), kaas oo sidoo kale ku yaalay Moscow, meel aan ka fogayn warshada matoorka ee No. 4. Matoorka M-34 waxa lagu tijaabiyay dyno in 1932. Iyada oo awood ah 45,8 l waxay siisay awoodda kicinta ee 800 hp. Bar bilawga horumarinta M-34 waxay ahayd German BMW VI engine, soo saaray USSR sida M-17, taas oo, si kastaba ha ahaatee, lahaa mugga weyn halkii litir ay sabab u tahay istaroogga piston weyn ee safka bidix, sababtoo ah. Isticmaalka ulaha isku xirka muhiimka ah ee hal saf ah iyo ulaha isku xirka wada ee kala duwan. M-34 waxay lahayd ulo isku mid ah oo isku xidha iyo isla bistoonka labada saf. Ulaha isku xirka M-17 (BMW VI) ayaa loo adeegsaday nooca soo socda AM-35 (1200 hp), barokaca kaas oo sidaas lagu kordhiyey 36,8 litir, banka bidix ee dhululubada mar kale wuxuu lahaa istaroog ka dheer safka midig. Matoorka nooca wax soo saarka ee AM-35A wuxuu soo saaray 1350 hp. Waa in halkan lagu nuuxnuuxsado in horumarinta M-34, oo ah kii ugu horreeyay ee ku guulaysta matoorka diyaaradaha awoodda sare ee Soofiyeedka, uu aqoonsi u keenay A.A. Mikulin, isla markaaba matooradiisu waxay bilaabeen in loo qoondeeyo AM-34, sida ku qoran xarfaha hore. oo aan ahayn heerka M ee mashiinka. AM-35A, oo laga soo saaray warshadda No. 24 ee Moscow (oo la abuuray iyada oo ay sabab u tahay isku darka dhirta engine No. 2 iyo No. 4, labadaba Moscow) ayaa inta badan loo adeegsaday dagaalyahannada MiG-3 (sidoo kale Pe-8 bambaanooyin culus. ), iyo nooceeda oo leh xawaare kordhay, saamiga cadaadiska sare, laakiin xawaaraha kombaresarada hoose iyo cadaadiska hoose ee kor u kaca (1,4 halkii 1,9 atm), oo loo yaqaan AM-38, ayaa si ballaaran loo soo saaray diyaaradda weerarka Il-2 (oo diiradda saaraya kordhinta wax soo saarka matoorada noocan oo kale ah iyo hagaajinta xuduudaha, horumarinta model AM-37 oo leh awoodda ugu badan ee 1500 hp, loogu talagalay dagaalyahanada MiG-7 iyo Tu-2 bambooyinka safka hore, waa la joojiyay). Dhammaadkii dagaalka, engine AM-42 ka awood badan ayaa la geliyay wax soo saarka, kaas oo loo adeegsaday diyaaraddii weerarka ee Il-10.
Dhammaan matoorada kale ee diyaaradaha taxanaha Soofiyeedka ee xilligii dagaalka ka hor waxaa si toos ah looga soo saaray matoorada shisheeye kuwaas oo shatiyo loo soo iibsaday. In 1933, waxaa la go'aamiyay in ay sabab u tahay la'aanta horumarinta ee design iyaga u gaar ah 1930-1932. (La yaab ma leh, waxay si ficil ah uga bilaabeen xoq) si ay u iibsadaan shatiyada matoorada u dhiganta ee dibadda si aysan u joojin horumarinta duulista. Mid ka mid ah shatiyada la helay wakhtigaas ayaa loogu talagalay mashiinka Faransiiska ee Hispano-Suiza 12Y, oo ah noocyada brs ee bambooyinka iyo crs ee dagaalyahannada (kuwa dambe ayaa loo habeeyey in lagu rakibo mashiinnada mashiinka mashiinka, iyaga oo ka dhex ridaya sanduuqa gearbox ee qaybta dhexe. oo ka mid ah xuddunta propeller). Waxa uu ahaa matoor 12-dhululubo ah oo V-qaabeeya, laakiin ka yar oo ka fudud naqshadda A. A. Mikulin. Matoorka qaabka saldhigga wuxuu soo saaray awood bilow ah oo ah 860 hp. Dhirta No. 26 ee Rybinsko waxaa loogu talagalay wax soo saarka taxane ah. Matoorada M-100 ayaa inta badan loo adeegsaday weeraryahannada safka hore ee SB. Wax yar ka dib, waxaa soo muuqday version M-103 oo la hagaajiyay, oo lagu sameeyay hoggaanka Vladimir Yurevich Klimov, iyada oo korodhka saamiga iyo xawaaraha, taas oo suurtogalisay in la kordhiyo awoodda 960 hp. Matoorka ayaa lagu rakibay noocyadii xigay ee SB bomberkii iyo kii Yak-2 ee ciidanka. Sannadkii 1940-kii, wax soo saarka Rybinsk, ka dibna warshadaha No. 16 ee Voronezh iyo No. 27 ee Kazan, ayaa helay M-105 si weyn loo hagaajiyay, kaas oo la soo bandhigay laba qaybood oo qaadasho halkii dhululubo iyo piston dheer, iyo sidoo kale alaabta ka fiican. ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu kordhiyo saamiga cadaadiska iyo isbeddello kale oo badan. Matoorku waxa uu sameeyay koronto dhan 1100 hp, nooca wax soo saarka dambe ee M-105PF-2 waxa uu lahaa awood 1360 hp ah. Sanadkii 1944-kii, iyadoo la aqoonsanayo mudnaanta V.J. Klimov, waxaa la siiyay xaq u leh inuu ku calaamadiyo matooradiisa xarfaha "WK", iyo M-105 (WK-105) ayaa noqday engine ugu weyn ee Soviet ee dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. - Sannadkii 1947-kii, 75 unug ayaa laga soo saaray saddex warshadood. Bishii Oktoobar 250, Plant No.. 1941 ee Voronezh ayaa laga daadgureeyay Ufa, iyo Plant No. 16 laga bilaabo Rybinsk ilaa Kazan, halkaas oo Plant No. 26 ay ku dheggan tahay. Waxaan ku xusi doonaa si faahfaahsan engine this, sababtoo ah waxay ahayd darawalka loogu talagalay. Ku dhawaad dhammaan dagaalyahannada Yak-27, Yak-1, Yak-3, Yak-7), iyo sidoo kale dagaalyahannada LaGG-9 ee horay loo sheegay iyo kuwa Pe-3 quusay.
