kombiyuutarada laser

Xawaaraha saacada ee 1 GHz Processor-yaasha waa hal bilyan oo hawlgal ilbiriqsikii. Wax badan, laakiin moodooyinka ugu fiican ee hadda la heli karo celceliska macaamilka ayaa horeyba u gaaray dhowr jeer wax ka badan. Ka warran haddii uu degdego... milyan jeer?

Taasi waa waxa tignoolajiyada cusub ee xisaabinta ay ballanqaadayso, iyadoo la adeegsanayo garaaca iftiinka laysarka si loogu kala beddelo gobollada "1" iyo "0." Tani waxay ku socotaa xisaabin fudud quadrillion jeer ilbiriqsikii.

Tijaabooyin la sameeyay 2018 oo lagu sharraxay joornaalka Nature, cilmi-baarayaashu waxay ku rideen alwaaxyada leysarka infrared-ka ee la tumay ee arraysyada malabka ee tungsten iyo selenium (1). Tani waxay keentay in isku-darka silikoonku uu u kala beddelo eber iyo hal gobol, sida processor-ka kombuyuutarka caadiga ah, oo keliya hal milyan oo jeer ka dheereeya.

Sidee tani ku dhacday? Saynis yahannadu waxay arrintan si garaaf ah u sharxayaan, iyagoo muujinaya in elektaroonnada ku jira awladaha malabka ee birta ah ay u dhaqmaan si "qalaad" (in kasta oo aanay sidaas ahayn). Marka la faraxsan yahay, qaybahani waxay ku boodaan inta u dhaxaysa dawlado tirooyin kala duwan, kuwaas oo tijaabiyeyaashu ugu yeeraan "been abuur ah".

Cilmi-baadhayaashu waxay la mid yihiin kuwa lagu tumanayo oo laga dhisay molecules-ka. Waxay ugu yeedhaan kuwan raad-raacyada "dooxooyin" waxayna ku sifeeyeen wax-is-daba-marinta dawladahan meertada ah "dolinatronica (S).

Elektroonada ayaa ku faraxsan garaaca laysarka. Iyada oo ku xidhan polarity ee garaaca infrared, waxay "qabtaan" mid ka mid ah labada "dooxood" ee suurtogalka ah ee agagaarka atamka ee shabagga birta ah. Labadan dawladood waxay isla markiiba soo jeedinayaan isticmaalka ifafaale ee kumbiyuutarka macquulka ah eber-one.

Boobka Electron-ku aad buu u dheereeyaa, wareegyada labaad ee femto-second. Oo halkan waxaa ku jira qarsoodiga xawaaraha cajiibka ah ee nidaamyada lagu hagayo laysarka.

Intaa waxaa dheer, saynisyahannadu waxay ku doodayaan in saameynaha jireed awgeed, nidaamyadani ay yihiin, dareen ahaan, labada gobolba isku mar (meel sare), taasoo abuureysa fursado. Cilmi-baarayaashu waxay ku nuuxnuuxsadeen in waxaas oo dhan ay ku dhacaan heerkulka qolkahalka inta badan kombiyuutarada quantum ee jira ay u baahan yihiin habab qaboojin oo qubits ilaa heerkul ku dhow eber buuxa.

"Muddada fog, waxaan aragnaa suurtagalnimada dhabta ah ee abuurista qalabka quantum-ka ee u shaqeeya si ka dhaqso badan hal mowjad iftiin ah," cilmi-baaruhu wuxuu ku yiri hadal uu soo saaray. Rupert Huber, Professor Fiisigiska ee Jaamacadda Regensburg, Jarmalka.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, saynisyahannadu wali ma aysan sameynin wax hawlgallo tiro ah oo dhab ah habkan, markaa fikradda kumbuyuutarka kumbuyuutarka ee ku shaqeeya heerkulka qolka ayaa weli ah aragti kaliya. Isla sidaas oo kale ayaa khuseeysa awoodda xisaabinta caadiga ah ee nidaamkan. Kaliya qalliinka oscillation-ka ayaa la muujiyay mana jirin wax xisaabin dhab ah oo la sameeyay.

Tijaabooyin la mid ah kuwa kor lagu soo sheegay ayaa hore loo sameeyay. 2017, sharraxaadda cilmi-baarista ayaa lagu daabacay Dabeecadda Photonics, oo ay ku jirto Jaamacadda Michigan ee Maraykanka. Halkaa, garaaca 100-femtosecond ee iftiinka laysarka ayaa la dhex mariyey crystal semiconductor si loola socdo xaaladda elektarooniga. Sida caadiga ah, ifafaalaha ka dhacaya qaab-dhismeedka maaddadu waxay la mid yihiin kuwii hore loo sheegay. Sidoo kale cawaaqibka tirada.

Chips fudud iyo perovskites

samee"kombayuutarrada laser-ka ah si kale ayaa loola dhaqmaa. Bishii Oktoobar ee la soo dhaafay, koox cilmi baaris ah oo Mareykan-Japanese-Australian ah ayaa soo bandhigay nidaamka xisaabinta fudud. Halkii qubits, habka cusubi wuxuu isticmaalaa xaaladda jireed ee alwaaxyada laysarka iyo kiristaalo caadooyinka si loogu beddelo laydhka nooc gaar ah oo iftiin ah oo loo yaqaan "iftiin la tuujiyey."

Dawlad kooxeed si ay u muujiso awoodda xisaabinta tirada, laysarka waa in si gaar ah loo cabbiraa, tanna waxa lagu gaaraa iyadoo la isticmaalayo shabakad isku xidhan oo muraayado ah, kuwa wax soo saara, iyo fiilooyinka indhaha (2). Habkan waxaa lagu soo bandhigay miisaan yar, kaas oo aan bixinaynin xawaare sare oo xisaabin ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saynisyahannadu waxay sheegeen in moodelku yahay mid la miisaami karo oo dhismooyin waaweyni ay ugu dambeyntii gaari karaan faa'iido tiro ah marka loo eego kuwa hadda jira iyo moodooyinka binary.

2. Laydhka leysarka ee dhex mara shabakad isku xidhan oo muraayado ah

"In kasta oo soo-saareyaasha quantum-ka hadda ay yihiin kuwo cajiib ah, ma cadda in lagu cabbiri karo cabbirro aad u ballaaran," ayuu yiri Science Today. Nicolas Menicucci, cilmi baare ka qaybqaadanaya Xarunta Quantum Computing iyo Teknolojiyada Isgaarsiinta (CQC2T) ee Jaamacadda RMIT ee Melbourne, Australia. "Habkayagu wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa miisaan xad dhaaf ah oo lagu dhex dhisay chip-ka bilawgii sababtoo ah processor-ka, oo loo yaqaan 'state cluster', wuxuu ka samaysan yahay iftiin."

Noocyo cusub oo leysarka ayaa sidoo kale looga baahan yahay nidaamyada photonic ee ultrafast (sidoo kale eeg:). Saynisyahano ka socda Jaamacadda Federaalka ee Bariga Fog (FEFU) - oo ay weheliyaan saaxiibo Ruush ah oo ka socda Jaamacadda ITMO, iyo sidoo kale saynisyahano ka socda Jaamacadda Texas ee Dallas iyo Jaamacadda Qaranka ee Australia - ayaa bishii Maarso 2019 ku sheegay joornaalka ACS Nano inay sameeyeen hab wax soo saar hufan, degdeg ah oo jaban laser perovskite. Faa'iidada ay ka helaan noocyada kale waa in ay si deggan u shaqeeyaan, taas oo muhiimad weyn u leh chips-yada indhaha.

"Tiknooloojiyada daabacaadda laser-ka halide waxay bixisaa hab fudud, kharash-ku-ool ah oo si heer sare ah loo koontaroolo si loo soo saaro noocyo kala duwan oo leysarka perovskite ah. Muhiimad ahaan, hagaajinta joomatari ee habka daabacaadda laysarka ayaa awood u siinaya soo saarista microlasers perovskite hal-mode deggan markii ugu horeysay (3). Laysarka noocan oo kale ah ayaa rajo ka qaba horumarinta qalabka kala duwan ee optoelectronic iyo nanophotonic, dareemayaasha, iwm, "ayuu yiri Alexey Zhishchenko, oo ah cilmi-baare ka tirsan xarunta FEFU, daabacaadda.

3. Perovskite laydhka laysarka

Dabcan, ma arki doonno kombayuutarada gaarka ah "ku shaqeeya lasers" mar dhow. Ilaa hadda, tijaabooyinka kor lagu sharraxay waa caddaynta fikradda, xitaa maaha noocyada hababka xisaabinta.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, xawaaraha ay bixiyaan iftiinka iyo laydhka laysarka ayaa aad u soo jiidanaya cilmi-baarayaasha, ka dibna injineerada, si ay uga tagaan waddadan.