Maryana 1944 qaybtii 2aad

USS Yorktown (CV-10), mid ka mid ah diyaaradaha xambaara ee TF 58. Diyaaradaha baalasha leh - SB2C Helldiver quusiyaasha; gadaashooda waxaa jooga dagaalyahanada F6F Helcat.

Dagaalkii Badda Filibiin ayaa go'aamiyay natiijada ololaha Mariana. Askarta Saipanu, Guam iyo Tinian, in kasta oo ay ka warhayaan xaaladdooda rajo la'aanta ah, ma aysan dhigin hubka.

Habeenkii Juun 18/19, 1944kii, maraakiibta Maraykanka iyo Japan ee badda Filibiin waxay saacado uun ka fogaadeen shilkii ugu weynaa ee taariikhda. TF 58 - koox ka mid ah sidayaal diyaarado degdeg ah oo hoos yimaada amarka Vice Adm. Mitcher - wuxuu ku dabaashay shan qaybood, oo ay kala sooceen qiyaastii 25 km. Halabuurkoodu wuxuu ahaa sidan.

• TG 58.1 - Diyaaradaha xamuulka qaada ee Hornet iyo Yorktown, xamuulka dayuuradaha fudud Bello Wood iyo Bataan (kooxaha dayuuradahooda waxay ka koobnaayeen 129 F6F-3 Hellcat dagaalyahan, 73 SB2C-1C Helldiver quusto bombers iyo afar SBD -5 Dauntless, 53 TBM / TBF - 1C Avenger bombers iyo torpedo bombers iyo sideed F6F-3N Helcat dagaalyahan - wadar ahaan 267 diyaaradood; saddex badmaaxiin culus (Baltimore, Boston, Canberra), hal markab anti-aircraft (Oakland) iyo 14 burburiye;
• TG 58.2 - xamuulka dayuuradaha ee Bunker Hill iyo Wasp, dayuuradaha fudud Monterey iyo Cabot (118 Hellcats, 65 Helldivers, 53 Avengers iyo siddeed F6F-3Ns - 243 dayuuradaha guud ahaan); saddex markab fudud (Santa Fe, Mobile, Biloxi), hal markab anti-diyaaradaha (San Juan) iyo 12 burburiya;
• TG 58.3 - Diyaaradaha xamuulka qaada ee Enterprise iyo Lexington, diyaaradaha fudud sida Princeton iyo San Jacinto (117 Hellcats, 55 SBD-5 Dauntless dive bombers, 49 Avengers iyo saddex F4U-2 habeen dagaalyahan "Corsair" iyo afar dagaalyahan habeen F6F-3N "Hellcat". "- wadar ahaan 228 diyaaradood; cruiser Indianapolis culus, saddex safar fudud (Montpellier, Cleveland, Birmingham) iyo hal anti-diyaaradaha cruiser (Reno) iyo 13 burburiye;
• TG 58.4 - Xamuulka diyaaradaha Essex, kuwa fudud ee qaada Langley iyo Cowpens (85 Hellcats, 36 Helldivers, 38 Avengers iyo afar F6F-3Ns - wadar ahaan 163 diyaaradood); saddex markab fudud (Vincennes, Houston, Miami) iyo hal markab anti-aircraft (San Diego) iyo 14 burburiya;
• TG 58.7 - todobo markab dagaal (North Carolina, Washington, Iowa, New Jersey, Indiana, South Dakota, Alabama), afar maraakiibta culus (Wichita, Minneapolis) , New Orleans, San Francisco) iyo 14 burburiye.

Vice Admiral Ozawa, oo ah taliyaha Mobilka Fleet (ciidanka ugu weyn ee ciidamada badda ee Japan), wuxuu u qaybiyay ciidamadiisa sida soo socota:

• Kooxda A - sidayaal diyaaradeed Shokaku, Zuikaku iyo Taiho, oo si wada jir ah u sameeyay Kooxda Duulimaadyada Koowaad (kooxdeeda dusha sare, 601st Kokutai, waxay ka koobnayd 79 dagaalyahannada A6M Zeke, 70 D4Y Judy quustay bambaanooyin iyo toddoba ka weyn D3A Val iyo 51 B6N Jill torpedo bombers. - wadar ahaan 207 diyaaradood; maraakiibta culus ee Myoko iyo Haguro; markab fudud Yahagi; toddoba burburiye;
• Kooxda B - diyaaradaha xambaara ee Junyo iyo Hiyo iyo diyaarada fudud ee Ryuho, oo si wada jir ah u samaynaysa Kooxda Labaad ee Duulimaadyada (kooxdeeda sagxadda, 652. Kokutai, waxay ka koobnayd 81 A6M Zeke, 27 D4Y Judy, sagaal D3A Val iyo 18 B6N Jill - wadar ahaan 135 diyaarad;
• markab dagaal Nagato, markab culus Mogami; siddeed burburin;
• Kooxda C - diyaaradaha fudud ee Chitose, Chiyoda iyo Zuiho, oo si wada jir ah u sameeyay kooxda saddexaad ee duulista (kooxdeeda dusha sare, 653aad Kokutai, waxay ka koobnayd 62 A6M Zik iyo sagaal B6N Jill torpedo bombers iyo 17 ka weyn B5N "Kate" - wadar ahaan 88 diyaarad); maraakiibta dagaalka "Yamato", "Musashi", "Kongo" iyo "Haruna"; badmaaxa culus Atago, Chokai, Maya, Takao, Kumano, Suzuya, Tone, Chikuma; Doonyaha fudud Noshiro; sideed burburin.

Madaxa samaynta ayaa ahaa kooxda ugu xoogga badan ee C, oo ka kooban inta badan maraakiibta dagaalka iyo maraakiibta (ee u adkaysta weerarada iyo si fiican u qalabaysan madaafiicda lidka diyaaradaha) iyo kuwa ugu qiimaha yar ee diyaaradaha qaada, waxay ahayd inay qaadaan weerar rogaal celis ah oo ka yimaada Maraykanka. Kooxaha A iyo B waxay raaceen ilaa 180 kiiloomitir gadaashooda, iyagoo dhinac ah, oo u jira ilaa 20 km.

Guud ahaan Ciidanka Cirka ee Mitscher waxa ay ka koobnaayeen 902 diyaaradood oo ka shaqaynayay sagxadaha xambaarka diyaaradaha (oo ay ku jiraan 476 dagaalyahan, 233 bam-gacmeedyo iyo 193 bam-gacmeedyo) iyo 65 diyaaradood oo bad-mareenno ah oo ay maamulaan maraakiibta dagaalka iyo maraakiibta. Ozawa waxay soo saari kartaa 430 diyaaradood oo keliya (oo ay ku jiraan 222 dagaalyahan, 113 bam-gacmeedyo iyo 95 bambooyinka torpedo ah) iyo 43 diyaaradood. Mitcher wuxuu lahaa faa'iido diyaarad in ka badan laba jeer, iyo dagaalyahanada - saddex jeer, tan iyo 222 Zeke ilaa 71 (nooca ka weyn A6M2) waxay u adeegeen sidii dagaalyahan-bambooyin. Marka lagu daro maraakiibta culus, waxa ay sidoo kale ka badnaayeen dhammaan noocyada maraakiibta.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, subaxnimadii Juun 19, maraakiibta TF 58 waxay noqdeen kuwo aad u kacsan. Ozawa waxay si fiican u isticmaashay faa'iidada muhiimka ah - baaxadda dheer ee diyaaraddeeda. Baabuurtiisa sahanka iyo dayuuradaha badda waxay ku talax tageen meel 1000 km u jirta maraakiibtiisa; Mitschers waxay leeyihiin kaliya 650 km. Waxaa ka sii darnaa dadka Mareykanka ah, in kooxaha hawada Japan ay ka soo weerari karaan meel 550 KM u jirta, halka Ameerikaanka ay ka soo weerari karaan ilaa 400 km. Sidaa darteed, loogu talagalay Mobile Fleet, cadowga ugu khatarta badan wuxuu noqon doonaa taliyaha, kaas oo si geesinimo leh u yareynaya masaafada, ku dadaalaya inuu "u dhawaado". Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Ozawa wuu ogaa in Adm. Spruance, oo ah taliyaha guutada shanaad ee ciidamada badda Mareykanka iyo taliyaha guud ee howlgalka Forager, ayaa ka taxadaraya in uu weeraro.

SB2C Helldiver bombers quusto (sawir laga soo qaaday kooxda hawada Yorktown) ayaa badashay Dauntlesss oo saarnaa maraakiibta ciidamada badda ee Maraykanka. Waxay lahaayeen awood dagaal oo dheeraad ah, aad ayay u dheereeyeen, laakiin aad bay ugu adkeyd in la duuliyo, sidaas darteed naaneyska "The Beast".

Iyadoo hadafka Ozawa uu ahaa in la burburiyo maraakiibta Mitcher, mudnaanta Spruance waxay ahayd in la ilaaliyo xeebta Saipan iyo duullaankii duullaan ee Marianas. Sidaa darteed, TF 58 waxay lumisay xorriyadeeda dhaqdhaqaaqa, taas oo ku khasabtay qaabkan guurguura ee aadka u sarreeya inuu is difaaco ku dhawaad ​​si joogto ah. Waxaa ka sii daran, isagoo ku amraya Mitcher inuu ku dhawaado Maryan, wuxuu siiyay cadowga faa'iido kale oo muhiim ah. Diyaaradaha Ozawa ayaa hadda awooday in ay u isticmaalaan garoommada Guam sidii saldhigyo hore. Iyagoo shidaal ku sii shubaya halkaas weerarka ka dib iyo ka hor intaysan ku noqon sidayaalkoodii, waxay awoodeen inay ka soo weeraraan masaafo intaa ka sii weyn, oo aad uga durugsan diyaaradda Mitscher.

Markii TF 18 ay ku guuldareysatay inay hesho maraakiibta Japan fiidkii 58-kii Juun, Spruance wuxuu ku amray Mitscher inuu kooxdiisa u soo jiido xitaa Marian si looga hortago in cadawgu u gudbiyo mugdi mugdi ah mugdiga ka dib. Natiijo ahaan, habeenkii 18/19 Juun, labada Mitschera (TF 58) iyo Ozawa (Mobile Fleet) waxay u dhoofeen bari dhinaca Marianas, iyagoo ilaalinaya fogaan joogto ah midba midka kale. Habeen ka hor, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay warbixinta markabka Cavalla, Maraykanku wuxuu ogaaday mawqifka cadawga, oo ay xaqiijiyeen fiidkii 18-kii Juunyo HF / PV raadiyaha raadiyaha, laakiin macluumaadkan qiimaha leh ayaa noqday mid aad u sii badanaya saacad kasta. Taas ka hor, mid ka mid ah dayuuradaha sahanka ee Mitcher ma aysan helin gawaarida Ozawa, sababtoo ah kan dambe, oo si xirfad leh u dhaqdhaqaaqa, ayaa shaqaalihiisa ka ilaaliyay in ay gaaraan TF 58. Dhanka kale, diyaaradadiisu waxay la socdeen dhaqdhaqaaqa shaqaalaha Maraykanka.

Ozawa uma tudhayn baabuurtiisa sahanka. Intii u dhaxaysay 4 iyo 30, 6-00 dayuuradaha badda ee B43N Kate iyo 13 D5Y Judy iyo 11 E4A Jake ayaa soo diray, malaha waxay garwaaqsadeen in badidood ay dhexda u gali doonaan Helcats ka hor inta aanu wax ka sheegin. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ogaanshaha goobta saxda ah ee diyaaradaha xambaara ee TF 19 waxay ahayd mudnaanta isaga, isagoo isku dayay inuu ka fogeeyo cadawga. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isagoo ciidamo badan oo sahamin ah geeyey, wuxuu go'aansaday inuu taas u magdhabo isagoo diiday inuu ilaaliyo diyaaradaha, kuwaas oo la rabay inay ka ilaaliyaan weerarrada ka imanaya biyaha hoostooda. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo inta yar ee wax burburiya ee uu haysto (bishii May iyo horraantii Juun wuxuu lumiyay ilaa todobo, badankooduna waxay quusiyeen maraakiibta badda ee Mareykanka, sidaas darteed wuxuu hadda haystay 13 oo kaliya), wuxuu qaadayay khatar weyn.