Halabuurka boqolkiiba saliidda injiinka
Tusmo
Kala soocidda saliidaha
Marka loo eego habka loo helo saliidda matoorada gubashada gudaha, waxay u qaybsan yihiin 3 kooxood:
- Macdanta (Batrool)
Waxaa lagu helay sifeyn toos ah oo saliid ah oo ay ku xigto kala soocida alkanes. Alaabta noocan oo kale ah waxay ka kooban tahay ilaa 90% hydrocarbons saturated saturated. Waxaa lagu gartaa kala firdhisanaanta sare ee paraffins (heterogeneity of miisaanka molecular ee silsiladaha). Natiijadu waxay tahay: saliidda kuleylku waa mid aan degganayn oo ma ceshato viscosity inta lagu jiro hawlgalka.
- Dardaaran
Wax soo saarka petrochemical. Qalabka cayriin waa ethylene, kaas oo, by polymerization catalytic, saldhig leh miisaan sax ah oo kelli ah iyo silsilado polymer dheer ayaa la helay. Waxa kale oo suurtogal ah in lagu helo saliidaha synthetic by hydrocracking analogues macdanta. Wuxu ku kala duwan yahay tayada hawleed ee aan la beddeli karin inta lagu jiro nolosha adeegga.
- Semi-synthetic
Waxay ka dhigan tahay isku dhafka macdanta (70-75%) iyo saliidaha synthetic (ilaa 30%).
Marka lagu daro saliidaha saldhigga, alaabta la dhammeeyey waxaa ka mid ah xirmo lagu daro kuwaas oo saxaya viscosity, saabuunta, kala firdhinta iyo sifooyinka kale ee dareeraha.
Isku dhafka guud ee dareerayaasha mootooyinka saliidda ayaa lagu soo bandhigay shaxda hoose:
| Qeybaha | Boqolkiiba |
| Saldhigga aasaasiga ah (paraffins buuxa, polyalkylnaphthalenes, polyalphaolefins, alkylbenzenes toosan, iyo esters) |
~ 90% |
| Xirmooyinka wax lagu daro (dejinta viscosity, ilaalinta iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro antioxidants) | Ilaa 10% |
Halabuurka saliidda matoorka boqolkiiba
Nuxurka saldhigga ahi waxa uu gaaraa 90%. Dabeecadda kiimikada, kooxaha soo socda ee iskudhisyada ayaa lagu kala saari karaa:
- Hydrocarbons (alkenes xaddidan iyo polymers caraf udgoon oo aan dhereyn).
- Ether-ka adag.
- Polyorganosiloxanes.
- Polyisoparaffins ( isomers spatial alkenes ee qaabka polymer).
- polymers halogenated.
Kooxaha isku midka ah ee isku xidhka ayaa ka dhigaya ilaa 90% miisaanka alaabta la dhammeeyey waxayna bixiyaan tayada saliidda, saabuunta iyo nadiifinta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sifooyinka saliidaha batroolka si buuxda uma buuxin shuruudaha hawlgalka. Sidaa darteed, paraffins cufan ee heerkul sare waxay sameeyaan kaydka kookaha ee dusha matoorka. Esters waxay maraan hydrolysis si ay u sameeyaan asiidh, taas oo keenta daxal. Si looga saaro saamaynta noocaas ah, wax ka beddelayaal gaar ah ayaa la soo bandhigay.
Xidhmada wax lagu daro - ka kooban iyo nuxurka
Qaybta wax ka beddelka ee saliidda matoorka waa 10%. Waxaa jira "baakado wax lagu daro" oo badan oo diyaarsan oo ay ku jiraan qaybo si loo kordhiyo xuduudaha loo baahan yahay ee saliidaha. Waxaan taxnay xiriirada ugu muhiimsan:
- Calcium alkylsulfonate oo miisaankiisu sarreeyo waa saabuun. Saami: 5%.
- Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (Zn-DADTP) - waxay ka ilaalisaa dusha birta ee oksaydhka iyo burburka farsamada. Waxa ku jira: 2%.
- Polymethylsiloxane --dejinta kulaylka (ka-hortagga xumbo) oo leh saamiga 0,004%
- Polyalkenylsuccinimide waa wax lagu daro saabuunta-kala firdhisa oo lagu daray walxaha ka-hortagga daxalka ilaa 2%.
- Methacrylates Polyalkyl waa daroogooyinka niyad-jabka ah ee ka hortagaya roobabka polymers marka heerkulku hoos u dhaco. Wadaag: in ka yar 1%.
Iyada oo ay weheliso beddelayaasha kor lagu sharraxay, saliidaha-synthetic-ka ee la dhammeeyey waxa laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan demulsifying, cadaadis aad u daran iyo waxyaabo kale oo lagu daro. Boqolkiiba wadarta xirmada wax ka beddelayaashu kama badna 10-11%. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, noocyada qaar ka mid ah saliidaha synthetic ayaa loo oggol yahay inay ku jiraan wax lagu daro ilaa 25%.
