Qalabka isku dhafka ah ee cagafyada

Kinematic-ka iyo is dhexgalka awoodda ee isku xirka gaadiidka ee tareenka wadada iyo trailer waxaa lagu fuliyaa iyadoo la isticmaalayo qalab jiidid (Jaantus. 1).

Qalabka isku-xidhka jiidista (TSU) ee cagaf-cagaftu waxay ka kooban yihiin habka isku-xidhka ee la saari karo, cunsur qoyan iyo qaybo hagaajinaya.

Marka loo eego naqshadaynta habka isku-xidhka ee la go'i karo, qalabka jiiditaanku wuxuu u qaybsan yahay:

• xirmo (labo qabsatooyin ah iyo siddo),
• biinanka (labada biinanka-loops),
• kubbadda (labada-ball-loop).

Cunsurka qoyan wuxuu isticmaalaa ilo gariiradda, canaasiirta caagga ah iyo ilo giraanta.

Kuwa ugu baahsan tareenada wadooyinka ee leh taayirrada waa jeexjeexyada isku-xidhka iyo isku-dhafka ah.

Jaantus 1 - Qalabka isku xirka cagaf: 1 - qaataha; 2 - jirka firfircoonida; 3 - kabaalka hagaajinta; 4 - daboolka boqorka; 5 - qaabka daboolida guryaha; 6 - guga; 7 - jir; 8 - gacanta ku wad; 9 - pin dhexe; 10 - kooraska dhexe ee boqornimada; 11 - quful; 12 - block fiyuuska; 13 - fiyuuska si toos ah u goynta; 14 - daboolka lowska jillaab ee habka ugu dambeeya; 15 - lowska; 16 - jirka qalabka jiidista; 17- joojiyaha qalabka jiidista; 18 - daboolka qalabka jiidista; 19 - jillaab quful ratchet; 20 - dabool; 21 - jillaab

Jillaabkii gaariga KamaAZ-5320 (Sawir 2) wuxuu ka kooban yahay jillaab 2, usha kaas oo dhex mara godadka xubinta iskutallaabta dambe ee jir, kaas oo leh xoojin dheeraad ah. Usha waxa la dhex geliyaa jidh cylindrical wayn 15, dhinacna waxa ku xidhan koofiyad ilaalinaysa 12, dhinaca kale waxa lagu xidhaa daas 16. Curiye laastikada ah ee caag ah ( absorber Shock) meel leh trailer meel iyo marka aad ku waddo waddo aan sinnayn, waxay ku taal inta u dhaxaysa labada weel ee 9 iyo 13. lawska 14 wuxuu bixiyaa cadaadis horudhac ah joogsiga caagga ah pawl 10, kaas oo ka hortagaya wareegga isku-xidhka inuu ka baxo jillaab.

Jaantus 2 - Jillaab jiidista: 1 - saliidaha; 2 - jillaab; 3 - dhidibka jillaabka xajinta; 4 - bacaha bararka; 5 - dhidibka ratchet; 6 - dabool; 7 - lowska; 8 - silsilad ah biinanka cotter; 9 - curiyaha laastikada; 10 - jillaab-nut; 11 - biin cotter ah; 12 - daboolka ilaalinta; 13, 14 - dhaqayaasha; 15 - jirka; 16 - daboolka guryaha

Si aad cagaf ugu garaacdo gaadhi jiidh:

• jebiyay tareenka oo leh nidaamka bareegga baarkinka;
• fur furka jilbayska;
• ku rakib bar-jiifka jiid-jiidka si isha cidhiidhiga ahi ay ula mid noqoto jillaabka jiidista ee baabuurka;
• si taxadir leh u qaad baabuurka ilaa inta jilbisku ku dul istaago jiid jiidka;
• Ku rid wareegga jiidista jillaabka jiidista, xidh furka oo ku hagaaji jillaab;
• jiid jiidka geli godka baabuurka;
• ku xir xirmooyinka tuubada ee nidaamka pneumatic ee trailer oo leh qalabka u dhigma ee nidaamka pneumatic ee baabuurka;
• ku xidh trailer baabuurka oo leh fiilada badbaadada ama silsiladda;
• fur furayaasha daminta ee waditaanka pneumatic ee nidaamyada bireegga trailer-ka ee lagu rakibay baabuurka (silig-hal ama wareeg laba-fire ah);
• jebiyay tareenka oo leh nidaamka bareegga baarkinka.

Qeexitaanka la go'aamiyay wuxuu ka duwan yahay naqshadeynta jilitaanka ee habka wax-qabad ee la go'i karo.

Habka isku xidhka la go'i karo ee xiniinyaha pivot (Jaantus. 3) wuxuu ka kooban yahay fargeeto 17 ("qaataha"), pivot 14 iyo bolt. Daahyada jidhka lagu dhejiyay wuxuu ka kooban yahay 13 xajin, xargo, suunka 12 iyo guga culeyska 16. Fargeeto wuxuu ku xiran yahay usha 5 iyada oo loo marayo shafka 10, taas oo bixisa dabacsanaanta lagama maarmaanka ah ee gudbinta ee diyaaradda toosan. Gobolka xorta ah, habka isku xidhka la go'i karo waxaa lagu hayaa joogsi caag ah 11 iyo bar guga 9.

Jaantus 3 - barbaro wareeg ah: 1 - lowska; 2 - gacanta hagaha; 3, 7 - garbaha; 4 - curiye caag ah; 5 - usha; 6 - jirka; 8 - dabool; 9 - guga; 10 - dhidibka ul; 11 - bakhaar; 12 - baar; 13 - gacanta 14 - kingpin; 15 - loop hagaha; 16, 18 - ilo; 17 - fargeeto; 19 - fiyuuska

Ka hor inta aan la isku xidhin cagaf-cagaf-cagafeedka, xadhiggu waxa lagu “gudboon yahay” oo leh gacanta 13, halka biinka 14 uu ku hayo xajinta 12 ee booska sare. Guga 16 waa la cufan yahay. Dhammaadka koofiyadaha hoose ee kingpin 14 ayaa qayb ahaan ka soo baxa sarka sare 17 ee fargeetada. Wareegga jiid jiidka wuxuu galaa hagaha fargeetada 15 marka daaha la dejiyo. Suunka 12 wuxuu sii daayaa xiniinyaha dhexe ee 14, kaas oo, hoos yimaada ficilka cufisjiidka iyo guga 16, hoos u dhaqaaqa, samaynta jillaab. Dhicista Kingpin 14 ee godka isdhaafsiga ah waxaa ka hortagaya fiyuuska 19. Marka la hawl galo, wareegga isdhaafsiga ah wuxuu galaa fargeetada TSU wuxuuna riixaa gunta qaabaysan ee kingpin 14, taas oo ka caawisa in ay kor u qaaddo masaafo gaaban iyo harqoodka (harqoodka) 12 ka sii daa boqorka.

Awoodda iyo isdhexgalka kaniiniga ee isku xirka gaadiidka ee tareenka wadada kooraha ah waxaa bixiya isku xirka taayirrada shanaad (Jaantus. 4).

Jaantus 4 - Cagaf-cagaf: 1 - gawaarida gawaarida; 2 - xubin iskutallaab ah oo ka mid ah qalabka kooraska; 3 - taageerada kooraska; 4 - saxan dabada; 5 - saliidaha; 6 - indhaha dhinaca kooraska; 7 - sariiraha kooraska; 8 - Aaladaha silbashada kooraska; 9 - isbuunyo bidix; 10 - dusha sare ee saxanka salka; 11 - farta isbuunyada; 12 - biin cotter ah; 13 - saliidaha; 14 - pin si loogu dhejiyo gacanta; 15 - dhidibka bar nabdoonaanta; 16 - fiyuuska si toos ah u kala baxa habka isku-xidhka; 17 - katiinadda qufulka ratchet guga; 18 - dhidibka calaacalaha feedhaha quful; 19 - qufulka cam; 20 - feer eey ku dheggan; 21 - feedhaha quful; 22 - dhidibka feedhaha qufulka; 23 - gacanta qufulka gacanta; 24 - saxan isbuunyo; 25 - xadhig; 26 - taageerada; 27 - gacmo-gacmeedka dibadda; 28 - gacanta gudaha; 29 - dhidibka hinge

Isku-xidhka taayirrada shanaad waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xidho oo laga gooyo cagaf-cagaf-yar-yar-yar, iyo sidoo kale in lagu wareejiyo culays weyn oo toosan oo ka socda qaybta-geeska ah ee gaadhiga iyo ka-soo-celinta cagaf-cagafeedka ilaa qayb-hoosaadka.

Qalabku wuxuu bixiyaa isku-xidhka semi-otomaatigga ah iyo isku-xidhka cagaf-cagaf-yare. Dabagalku waxa uu ku qalabaysan yahay saxan sal ah oo leh pivot (Jaantus. 5). Dhexroorka dusha shaqada ee biin boqorka waa caadi oo siman 50,8 ± 0,1 mm.

Jaantuska 5 - Semi-trailer kingpin ee isku xirka cagaf shanaad ee taayirrada

Isku-xidhka taayirrada shanaad (Jaantus 4) waxa lagu rakibaa qaabka cagaf-cagafyada iyadoo la isticmaalayo laba xabbo oo 3 ah oo ay ku xiran yihiin xubin iskutallaabta ah. 2 oo leh laba geesood 3.

Indhaha dhinaca 6 ee kooraha ayaa si adag ugu xidhan faasasyada 29 ee silsiladaha 25, kuwaas oo siinaya dareen gaar ah oo ku saabsan kooraha diyaaradda dhererka. Axles 29 waxay si xor ah ugu wareegaan bushings biraha birta ah 27 iyo 28. Xalkani wuxuu bixiyaa u janjeera dhererka gaar ah ee semi-trailer inta lagu jiro dhaqdhaqaaqa, iyo sidoo kale wax yar u janjeera (ilaa 3º), taas oo macnaheedu yahay in ay yaraynaysaa culaysyada firfircoon ee lagu kala qaado by trailer semi-trailer in jir cagaf. Shafts 29 waxaa laga ilaaliyaa dhaqdhaqaaqa axial by taarikada quful 4. Saliida 5 ayaa lagu rakibay shafka iyo kanaalka loo sameeyay sahayda saliidaha ee kaymaha caagga iyo biraha 27.

Saxanka saldhigga 10 ee fadhiga hoostiisa waxaa jira habka isku xidhka. Waxay ka kooban tahay laba gacan oo 9 iyo 24 ah ("sponges"), gacan quful 21 oo leh jirid iyo gu' 19, dabool leh guga 17, kabaalka kontoroolka furitaanka 23 iyo fiyuuska kala-goynta tooska ah 16 oo ku dhejisan saxanka saldhigga 10 iyadoo la isticmaalayo biinanka 11 oo lagu wareejin karaa hareerahooda, adigoo qaadanaya laba boos oo daran (furan ama xiran). Qalabka qufulka 21 wuxuu kaloo leeyahay laba boos oo aad u daran: gadaasha - gacan-qabashadu waa xiran yihiin, hore - gacanku waa furan yihiin. Guga 19 ee usha ayaa ka hortagaysa dhaqdhaqaaqa gacanta 21 ee booska hore. Usha feedhaha ee qufulka 21 ayaa ka soo horjeeda baarka is qarxinaya 16. Sidaas awgeed.

Usha fusible 16 ayaa lagu rakibay dhidibka 15 iyada oo ay suurtogal tahay in wareeggeedu uu hagaajiyo ama dabciyo usha.

Kahor intaanad cagafta ku xidhin trailer-ka, baarka badbaadada ee si otomaatig ah loo sii daayo waxa loo dejiyay meesha "fursan", kaas oo sii daaya baarka gacan-ku-dhiiglaha.

Si aad cagaf-cagaf-cagaf ugu dhufato qayb-geeska-yar-yar, kabaalka xakamaynta dhuxusha u leexi dhanka jihada loo socdo. Xaaladdan oo kale, gacanta qufulka waxaa lagu xiri doonaa meesha ugu horeysa oo leh dabool. Darawalku waxa uu cagaf-cagaf-cagaf-cagaf-cagaf-cagaf-cagaf-ku-siman-ku-si-maraya inta u dhaxaysa cidhifyada jeexan ee fadhiga oo u sii dhex mara gacan-qabsiga. Tan iyo markii gacanta lagu dhejiyay booska cocked, marka pin-kiska la geliyo jeexdin gacan-qabsiga, gacan-qabashadu way furan yihiin.

Feerku waxa uu ka soo baxaa xidhidhiyaha, waxa uu ku nastaa dhabarka dhinaca xajinta waxana uu ku hayaa xaalad furan. Dhaqdhaqaaqa dheeraadka ah ee qaybta dambe ee cagaf-cagafku, Kingpin wuxuu u dhaqmaa gacmaha si ay u xiraan, iyo gacanku, oo hoos yimaada ficilka guga, wuxuu galaa geesaha xaglaha ah ee gacan-qabsiga wuxuuna ku jiraa booska ugu dambeeya, kaas oo waxay hubisaa quful lagu kalsoonaan karo. Ka dib markii qufulku dhacay, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la hagaajiyo usha ugu horeysa adoo u rogaya fiyuuska iskiis u furaya booska "quful".

Si uu ugu bilaabo ku dhaqaaqida gaadhi-garaaca yar-yar, darawalku waa in uu: kor u qaadaa rollers-ka (ama dhululubada) aaladda taageerta nus-trailer; isku xira madaxyada nidaamyada pneumatic ee cagaf-cagaf iyo semi-trailer; ku xidh fiilooyinka korantada; barreega barkinka barkinka ee trailer-ka

Kahor inta aan la furin tareenka wadada, darawalku waxa uu bareega nus-trailer-ka leh nidaamka barreegga baarkinka, waxa uu hoos u dhigayaa rollallada (ama dhululubada) aaladda taageerta, waxa uu kala gooyaa madaxyada isku xidha nidaamka pneumatic-ka iyo furayaasha fiilooyinka korantada.

Si meesha looga saaro, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in mar kale la rogo fiyuuska iyo kabaalka kontoroolka kala-baxa, ka dib, marka hore, si habsami leh u dhaqaaji cagafyada hore. Mar haddii trunnion-ka loo wareejin doono booska hore oo lagu xidhi doono xadhig, Kingpin-ka trailer-ka ayaa si xor ah uga soo bixi doona gacmaha isku laabma.

Si loo kordhiyo awoodda qaadista tareenka wadada, qalabyada isugeynta telescopic ee gaaban ayaa la isticmaalaa, mabda'a hawlgalka kaas oo ku salaysan yaraynta masaafada u dhaxaysa cagafyada iyo trailer inta lagu jiro dhaqdhaqaaqa rectilinear iyo kordhinta marka geesaha iyo maneuvering.

Kordhinta awoodda qaadida tareenada waddooyinka waxay la xiriirtaa kororka tirada faashashyada iyo dhererkooda guud. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani waxay sababtaa inuu xumaado dhaq-dhaqaaqa tareenka wadada iyo dardargelinta xirashada taayirka.

Isticmaalka giraangiraha giraangiraha iyo faashashka giraangiraha waxay yareeyaan khasaarooyinkan. Way sahlan yihiin naqshadeynta waxayna u baahan yihiin wax soo saar hooseeya iyo kharashyada dayactirka.

Laba-iyo-saddex-saxle-trailers-ka, dabada gadaal waxay ku wareegtaa ficilka qaybaha dambe ee fal-celinta waddada ee giraangiraha marka ay soo jeesanayso.

Faaleesyada go'an waxay kordhiyaan dhererka rarka iyo xarunta cufisjiidad ee badh-trailer. Sidaa darteed, faashashka leh taayirrada is-waafajinta ayaa noqday kuwo baahsan.