of technology

Koob biyo ah

26.05.2022 /

Muraayada dareeraha ah waa xal la uruuriyay oo ah sodium metasilicate Na2SiO3 (milix potassium ayaa sidoo kale la isticmaalaa). Waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu milmo silica (sida cammuudda) ee dareeraha sodium hydroxide: 

Koob biyo ah Dhab ahaantii, waa isku dhafka cusbada ee silicic acids kala duwan oo leh heerar kala duwan oo polymerization ah. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida impregnation (tusaale ahaan, si looga ilaaliyo derbiyada qoyaanka, sida ilaalinta dabka), qayb ka mid ah buuxinta iyo shaabadeynta, wax soo saarka alaabta silikoon, iyo sidoo kale cunto lagu daro si looga hortago caking (E 550). Dhalooyinka dareeraha ah ee ganacsi ahaan loo heli karo waxaa loo isticmaali karaa dhowr tijaabo oo cajiib ah (maadaama ay tahay dareere qaro weyn, sharoobada leh, waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaso biyo saamiga 1:1).

Tijaabada koowaad, waxaanu soo dajin doonaa isku dhafka silicic acids. Baaritaanka, waxaan u isticmaali doonaa xalalka soo socda: galaaska dareeraha ah iyo ammonium chloride NH.4Cl iyo warqad tilmaame si loo hubiyo falcelinta (sawirka 1).

Kiimikada - qayb ka mid ah galaaska dareeraha ah 1 - MT

Muraayadaha dareeraha ah sida milix aashito daciif ah iyo saldhig xooggan oo ku jira dareeraha aqueous inta badan waa hydrolyzed waana alkaline (sawirka 2). Ku shub xalka ammonium chloride (sawirka 3) digsiga digsiga oo leh xalka galaaska biyaha oo walaaq waxa ku jira (sawirka 4). Muddo ka dib, mass gelatinous ah ayaa la sameeyay (sawirka 5), ​​taas oo ah isku dhafka silicic acids:

(dhab ahaantii SiO2?nGn2KU SAABSAN ? Silicic acids oo leh heerar kala duwan oo fuuq-bax ah ayaa la sameeyay).

Habka falcelinta beaker ee uu matalo isla'egta kooban ee sare waa sida soo socota:

a) sodium metasilicate ee xalku wuu kala baxaa oo wuxuu maraa hydrolysis:

b) Amooniyamka amooniyamka waxay la falgalaan ion hydroxide:

Sida ions hydroxyl loo isticmaalo falcelinta b), dheelitirnaanta falcelinta a) waxay u wareegtaa midig, natiijaduna, silicic acids ayaa soo da'aya.

Tijaabada labaad, waxaynu ku koraynaa "dhirta kiimikada". Xalalka soo socda ayaa loo baahan doonaa tijaabada: galaaska dareeraha ah iyo cusbada birta? birta (III), birta (II), naxaasta (II), calcium, tiin (II), chromium (III), manganese (II).

Kiimikada - qayb ka mid ah galaaska dareeraha ah 2 - MT

Aan ku bilowno tijaabada anagoo soo bandhigayna dhowr kiristaalo oo chloride bir ah (III) cusbo FeCl ah tuubo tijaabo ah.3 iyo xal galaas dareere ah (sawirka 6). Muddo ka dib, brown?dhir? (sawirka 7, 8, 9), oo ka yimid birta aan milmi karin (III) metasilicate:

Sidoo kale, cusbada biraha kale waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad hesho natiijooyin waxtar leh:

  • naxaas (II)? sawirka 10
  • chromium(III)? sawirka 11
  • birta(II)? sawirka 12
  • calcium? sawirka 13
  • manganese(II)? sawirka 14
  • hogaanka (II)? sawirka 15

Habka geeddi-socodka socda wuxuu ku salaysan yahay ifafaale osmosis, i.e., gelitaanka qaybo yaryar iyada oo loo marayo daloolada xuubabka semipermeable. Kaydka silicates-ka birta ah ee aan milmi karin ayaa u samaysan sidii lakab khafiif ah oo ku yaal dusha milixda ee la geliyay tuubada tijaabada. Unugyada biyuhu waxay galaan daldaloolada xuubka ka dhasha, taasoo keenaysa in milixdii birta ahayd ee ku hoos jirtay ay milmaan. Xalka ka dhashay ayaa riixaya filimka ilaa uu ka dillaaco. Ka dib marka la shubo milixda birta ah, silicate miyey soo daadinaysaa dib-u-soo-dejinta? meertada soo noqnoqda lafteeda iyo warshadda kiimikada? kordhiyaa.

Marka la dhejiyo isku dhafka milixda ee biraha kala duwan ee hal weel oo lagu waraabiyo xal galaas dareere ah, ma korin karnaa "beerta kiimikada" oo dhan? (Sawirka 16, 17, 18).

Sawirro

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