Vladimir Kramnik waa horyaalka Chess-ka adduunka

Ururka Xirfadlayaasha Chess (PCA) waa urur ay aasaaseen Garry Kasparov iyo Nigel Short 1993. Ururka waxaa loo abuuray iyada oo ay sabab u tahay Kasparov (ka dibna horyaal adduunka) iyo Short (ku guuleystaha garaaca) oo aan aqbalin shuruudaha maaliyadeed ee tartanka horyaalka adduunka ee ay dejisay FIDE (Xiriirka Chess-ka Caalamiga ah). Nigel Short ayaa markaas ku guuleystay tartamada isreebreebka ee FIDE, wuxuuna kulamadii musharraxiinta ka adkaaday horyaalkii hore ee adduunka Anatoly Karpov iyo Jan Timman. Ka dib markii laga saaray FIDE, Kasparov iyo Short waxay ku ciyaareen London 1993-kii, taas oo ku dhamaatay 12½ ilaa 7½ oo uu ku guuleystay Kasparov. Soo bixitaankii SPS iyo qabanqaabada ciyaar tartan ah oo loogu tartamayo horyaalka adduunka ayaa sababay kala qaybsanaan ku yimid ciyaaraha Shataranjiga. Tan iyo markaas, ciyaaraha Koobka Adduunka waxaa loo abaabulay laba siyaabood: FIDE iyo ururada uu aasaasay Kasparov. Vladimir Kramnik wuxuu noqday horyaalka adduunka ee ururka Braingames (sii wadida PCA) 2000 ka dib markii uu ka adkaaday Kasparov. Sannadkii 2006, ciyaar midaysan oo loogu talagalay horyaalka adduunka ayaa dhacay, taas oo keentay in Vladimir Kramnik uu noqday horyaalka rasmiga ah ee chess adduunka.

1. Young Volodya Kramnik, isha: http://bit.ly/3pBt9Ci

Vladimir Borisovich Kramnyk (Ruush: Vladimir Borisovich Kramnik) waxa uu ku dhashay June 25, 1975 ee Tuapse, gobolka Krasnodar, ee xeebta badda madow. Aabihii waxa uu wax ku bartay Akademiyada Fanka oo uu noqday farshaxan-yaqaan iyo farshaxan. Hooyadeed waxay ka qalin jabisay konservatory ee Lvov kadibna waxay u shaqeysay macalin muusig. Laga soo bilaabo da'dii hore, Volodya waxaa loo tixgeliyey inuu yahay ilmo caan ah magaaladiisa (1). Markii uu 3 jir ahaa, waxa uu daawaday ciyaarihii ay ciyaarayeen walaalkii ka weyn iyo aabihii. Markuu arkay xiisaha yar ee Vladimir, aabbuhu wuxuu dhigay dhibaato fudud oo ku taal chessboard, cunuggu si lama filaan ah, ku dhawaad ​​isla markiiba, si sax ah ayuu u xalliyaa. Wax yar ka dib, Volodya wuxuu bilaabay inuu u ciyaaro chess aabihiis. Markii uu da'diisu ahayd 10, wuxuu horeyba u ahaa ciyaaryahanka ugu fiican dhammaan Tuapse. Markii Vladimir uu ahaa 11 sano jir, qoyska oo dhan waxay u guureen Moscow. Halkaa dhiganayay dugsiga hibada chess, waxaa abuuray oo maamula nin hore oo uu ka caawiyay tababarka Garry Kasparov. Waalidiintiisa ayaa sidoo kale gacan ka geystay horumarinta kartida Vladimir, aabbihiisna xitaa wuu ka tagay shaqadiisa si uu u raaco wiilkiisa tartamada.

Markay tahay shan iyo toban ciyaaryahan chess tayo leh Indho la'aan ayuu isku mar la ciyaari karaa labaatan ka soo horjeeda! Cadaadiska Kasparov, Kramnik da'da yar ayaa lagu daray kooxda chess ee Ruushka isagoo 16 jir ah wuxuu u matalay Ruushka tartankii Chess Olympiad ee Manila. Ma uusan niyad jabin rajadiisa, sagaal kulan oo uu ciyaaray Olombikada, wuxuu badiyay 1995, hal barbaro. 9-tii, wuxuu gaaray guushiisii ​​ugu horreysay ee Koobka Adduunka ee Dortmund, isagoo aan hal guuldaro la kulmin tartanka. Sannadihii xigay, Kramnik waxa uu sii watay qaab ciyaareedkiisii ​​wacnaa oo uu ku guulaystay XNUMX koob oo Dortmund ah.

Horyaallada Shataranjiga Adduunka Ciyaar Braingames

Sannadkii 2000 ee London Kramnik wuxuu la ciyaaray ciyaarta horyaalka adduunka ee Kasparov by Braingames (2). Ciyaar aad u kacsan oo 16 ciyaarood ah, Kramnik ayaa si lama filaan ah uga adkaaday macalinkiisii ​​Kasparov, kaasoo si joogto ah ugu fadhiyey carshiga 16-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay.

2. Vladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov, ciyaarta horyaalka adduunka ee ururka Braingames, isha: https://bit.ly/3cozwoR

Vladimir Kramnyk - Garry Kasparov

Braingames Ciyaarta Horyaalka Adduunka ee London, Wareegii 10, Oktoobar 24.10.2000, XNUMX

1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Sc3 Gb4 4.e3 O -O 5.Gd3 d5 6.Sf3 c5 7.OO c:d4 8.e:d4 d:c4 9.G:c4 b6 10.Gg5 Gb7 11.We1 Nbd7 12.Wc1 Wc8 13.Hb3 Ge7 14.G:f6 S:f6 15.G:e6 ( jaantuska 3) f:e6? (Waan ku qasbanaa inaan ciyaaro 15... Rc7 16.Sg5 N: d4 17.S: f7 Bc5 18.Sd6 + Kh8 19.S: b7 H: f2 + iyo Madoow wuxuu leeyahay magdhowga la siiyay) 16.H: e6 + Kh8 17.H: e7 G: f3 18.g: f3 Q: d4 19.Sb5 H: b2? ( way dhaantay 19...Qd2 20.W:c8 W:c8 21.Sd6 Rb8 22.Sc4 Qd5 23.H: a7 Ra8 oo leh xoogaa cadaanka ah) 20.R: c8 R: c8 21.Nd6 Rb8 22.Nf7 + Kg8 23.Qe6 Rf8 24.Nd8 + Kh8 25.Qe7 1-0 (Shaxda 4).

3. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, booska ka dib guuritaanka 15.G: e6

4. Vladimir Kramnik - Garry Kasparov, booska ku dhameystay ka dib dhaqaaqii 25aad He7

Vladimir Kramnik hal kulan lagama badin kulankaan, waxaana uu ku leeyahay guushiisa, iyo waxyaabo kale, inuu isticmaalo kala duwanaanshaha "Darbiga Berlin", kaas oo la sameeyay dhaqdhaqaaqyada kadib: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 ( jaantuska 5) 4.OO S:e4 5.d4 Sd6 6.G:c6 d:c6 7.d:e5 Sf5 8.H:d8 K:d8 ( jaantuska 6).

5. Derbiga Baarliin ee dhinaca Isbaanishka

6. Kala duwanaanshaha "Darbiga Berlin" ee Vladimir Kramnik.

Derbiga Berlin ee Xisbiga Isbaanishka Waxay magaceeda ku leedahay dugsigii Chess-ka ee qarnigii 2000-aad ee Berlin, kaas oo keenay kala duwanaanshahan si taxadar leh. Waxay ku sii jirtay hooska muddo dheer, iyada oo la dhayalsaday ciyaartoyda ugu fiican ee chess muddo tobanaan sano ah, ilaa XNUMX, markii Kramnik uu u isticmaalay ciyaar ka dhan ah. Kasparov. Kala duwanaanshiyahan, Black mar dambe ma tuuri karo (inkasta oo maqnaanshaha boqorada tani aysan ahayn mid aad muhiim u ah) oo ay leedahay labanlaab. Qorshaha Black waa in la xiro dhammaan waddooyinka xeradiisa oo uu ka faa'iidaysto lammaanaha farriinta. Doorashadan waxaa mararka qaarkood doorta Black marka barbaro ay tahay natiijada wanaagsan ee tartanka.

Kramnik waxa uu isticmaalay afar jeer ciyaartan. Kasparov iyo kooxdiisu waxay awoodi waayeen inay helaan dawo ka hortagta darbiga Berlin, tartamena si sahal ah ayuu u helay. Magaca "Darbiga Berlin" waxaa loola jeedaa isku halaynta kulankiisii ​​ugu horreeyay; sidoo kale waa magaca birta ama walxaha la xoojiyay ee loo isticmaalo in lagu sugo qodista qoto dheer ("Darbiga Berlin").

7. Vladimir Kramnik ee Corus Chess Tournament, Wijk aan Zee, 2005, isha: http://bit.ly/36rzYPc

Bishii Oktoobar 2002 in Dukaanle Baxrayn barbardhac siddeed ciyaarood ah oo ka dhan ah kombiyuutarka chess Deep Fritz 7 (xawaaraha ugu sarreeya: 3,5 milyan booss ilbiriqsi kasta). Sanduuqa abaalmarinta ayaa ahaa hal milyan oo doolar. Kombiyuutarka iyo bani-aadmiga labaduba waxay ku guuleysteen laba ciyaarood. Kramnik ayaa ku dhawaaday in uu guulaysto kulankaan,isaga oo is ogayn guuldaro kala kulantay bar-baro kulankii lixaad. Ninkan ayaa laba guul ka helay boosas la fududeeyay, tusaale ahaan, halkaas oo kombuyuutarrada ay aad uga hooseeyaan aadanaha, wuxuuna ku dhawaaday inuu guuleysto ciyaartii afaraad. Hal kulan ayuu ku guuldareystay qalad weyn oo dhanka taatikada ah, iyo mid kale sababtoo ah maneuver halis ah oo uu ku sameeyay boos ka faa'iido badan.

In 2004, Kramnyk difaacay horyaalka ee horyaalka adduunka. Kooxda Braingames, oo barbardhac la gashay Hungarian Peter Leko magaalada Brissago ee Switzerland (sida uu qabo sharciga ciyaarta, Kramnik ayaa sii xajistay horyaalka barbaro). Dhanka kale waxa uu ka qayb galay tartamo badan oo Shataranjiga ah oo uu la qaatay ciyaartoyga ugu fiican adduunka oo ay ku jiraan kuwa sanad walba lagu qabto magaalada Holland. Wijk aan Zee, badiyaa qeybta labaad ee Janaayo ama horraanta Janaayo iyo Febraayo (7). Laba Pole ayaa ka qaybgalaya tartanka Wimbledon ee hadda lagu ciyaaro Wijk aan Zee oo lagu magacaabo Tata Steel Chess: iyo.

Ciyaar loogu tartamayo horyaalka midaysan ee Chess-ka adduunka

Bishii Sebtembar 2006, magaalada Elista (caasimadda Jamhuuriyadda Ruushka ee Kalmykia), ciyaar loogu magac daray horyaalka midaysan ee Chess-ka adduunka ayaa dhex martay Vladimir Kramnik iyo Bulgarian Veselin Topalov (horyaalka caalamiga ah ee Xiriirka Caalamiga ah ee Chess-ka) (8).

8. Vladimir Kramnik (bidix) iyo Veselin Topalov ciyaartii ugu horeysay ee ciyaarta ee horyaalka Chess-ka aduunka 2006, isha: Mergen Bembinov, Associated Press

Ciyaartan ayaa waxaa ku wehliyay kuwii ugu caansanaa fadeexad shax (waxa loogu yeero "fadeexada musqusha") ee la xiriirta shakiga caawinta kombayutarka aan la fasixin. Kramnik waxaa lagu eedeeyay maamulaha Topalov inuu naftiisa ku taageeray barnaamijka Fritz 9 ee suuligiisa gaarka ah. Ka dib markii la xiray musqulo kala duwan, Kramnik, oo ah calaamad muujinaysa mudaaharaad, ma uusan bilaabin ciyaarta soo socota, shanaad (oo uu markaa hogaaminayay 3: 1) oo uu ku lumiyay guuldarro farsamo. Ka dib markii la furay musqulaha, ciyaarta waa la dhammeeyey. Kadib 12 ciyaarood ee ugu muhiimsanaa waxay noqotay 6:6, Kramnik wuxuu ku guulaystay 2,5:1,5 waqtigii dheeriga ahaa. Ciyaartan ka dib, ciyaaro badan oo waaweyn oo Chess-ka ah, ciyaartoyga waxa lagu sawiraa biraha sheega ka hor inta aanay soo gelin hoolka ciyaarta.

Ka dib markii uu ku guuleystay horyaalka adduunka, Kramnik wuxuu ciyaaray ciyaar lix-gees ah oo ka dhan ah barnaamijka kumbuyuutarka ee Deep Fritz 10 ee Bonn., November 25 – December 5, 2006 (9).

9. Kramnik – Deep Fritz 10, Bonn 2006, xigasho: http://bit.ly/3j435Nz

10. Soo noqoshada marxaladda Deep Fritz 10 - Kramnik, Bonn, 2006

Kumbuyuutarku wuxuu ku guulaystay 4:2 (laba guul iyo 4 barbaro). Waxay ahayd kulankii ugu dambeeyay ee mashiinka-bini'aadamka, celcelis ahaan ilaa sideed milyan oo boos oo la falanqeeyay ilbiriqsikii, iyadoo dhexda ciyaarta dhexda ay tahay ilaa 17-18 wareeg. Waqtigaas, Fritz wuxuu ahaa mishiinka 3aad - 4aad ee adduunka. Kramnik waxa uu helay 500 10 euro bilawgii, waxana uu heli karaa hal milyan si uu ugu guuleysto. Barbarihii hore, Kramnik ma uusan ka faa’ideysan fursad uu ku guuleysan lahaa. Ciyaarta labaad waxay caan ku noqotay hal sabab: ciyaar siman oo isku mid ah, Kramnik lammaane hal dhaqaaq, taas oo inta badan loo yaqaan qalad weligeed ah (Jaantus. 34). Booskaan, Kramnik wuxuu si lama filaan ah u ciyaaray 3... He35 ??, ka dibna wuxuu helay saaxiibkiisa 7.Qh3 ≠. Shir jaraa'id oo la qabanqaabiyay ciyaarta ka dib, Kramnik ma uusan sharxi karin sababta uu qaladkan u sameeyay, wuxuu sheegay in uu dareemay wanaag maalintaas, ciyaarta si sax ah u ciyaaray, si sax ah u tiriyay kala duwanaanshaha HeXNUMX, ka dibna dhowr jeer la hubiyay, laakiin sida uu ku andacooday in uu lahaa. Dayax-madoobaadyo qariib ah oo la wareejiyay, koronto la'aan.

Saddexdii ciyaarood ee xigay waxa ay ku dhammaadeen barbaro. Ciyaartii ugu dambeysay, ee lixaad, oo uusan wax guuldarro ah helin oo ay ahayd inuu aado dhamaadka, Kramnik wuxuu u ciyaaray si aan caadi ahayn. Kala duwanaanshaha Naidorf ee difaaca Sicilian - oo laga badiyay mar kale. Laga soo bilaabo dhacdadan, dhammaan adduunka chess-ka, gaar ahaan kuwa kafaala-qaadayaasha, waxay xaqiiqsadeen in ciyaarta soo socota ee bandhigga noocan oo kale ah lagu ciyaari doono hal gool, sababtoo ah qofka naafada ah ma haysto fursad uu ku ciyaaro kombuyuutar.

31 December 2006 g. Horyaalka chess-ka adduunka Vladimir Kramnik waxa uu guursaday saxafiga reer France ee Marie-Laure Germont, waxana uu meherkoodu ka dhacay 4-tii February Cathedral Alexander Nevsky ee Paris (11). Xafladda waxaa ka soo qeyb galay qoyska iyo saaxiibada ugu dhow, tusaale ahaan, wakiilka France tan iyo 1982, oo ah horyaalka tobnaad ee Chess-ka adduunka.

11. Boqorka iyo boqoradiisa: arooska Orthodox ee Alexander Nevsky Cathedral ee Paris, isha: Sawirada arooska Vladimir Kramnik | ChessBase

Vladimir Kramnik ayaa 2007 ku lumiyay horyaalnimada adduunka Viswanathana Ananda tartan ka dhacay Mexico. 2008 dii Bonn waxa kale oo uu lumiyay ciyaar uu kaga adkaaday horyaalka aduunka ee Viswanathan Anand 4½:6½.

Kramnik ayaa marar badan u matalay Ruushka tartamada kooxda, oo ay ku jiraan siddeed jeer oo Chess Olympiads (saddex jeer zloty kooxda iyo saddex jeer zloty ee tartanka shakhsi ahaaneed). 2013, wuxuu ku guuleystay bilad dahab ah tartankii kooxaha aduunka ee lagu qabtay Antalya (Turkiga).

Kramnik waxa uu qorsheeyey in uu ka fadhiisto xirfadiisa Shataranjiga isaga oo 40 jir ah, laakiin waxa soo baxday in uu wali ku sii ciyaarayo heerka ugu sarreeya, isaga oo haysta qiimayntii ugu sarraysay ee xirfaddiisa isaga oo 41 jir ah. Oktoobar 1, 2016 oo leh dhibco dhan 2817. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, wuxuu wali kujiraa mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu fiican adduunka iyo darajadiisa 2763 Jan 1 waa 2021.

12. Vladimir Kramnik oo jooga xerada tababarka ee dhalinyarada Hindida ah ee ugu caansan magaalada Faransiiska ee Chêne-sur-Leman Agoosto 2019, sawir: Amruta Mokal

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Vladimir Kramnik wuxuu bixiyaa waqti badan iyo waqti badan si uu wax u baro ciyaartoyda da'da yar ee chess (12). Janaayo 7-18, 2020, horyaalkii hore ee adduunka ayaa ka qaybqaatay xero tababar oo ku taal Chennai (Madras), India (13). 12 ciyaartoy oo da'yar oo hibo u leh Chess-ka India oo da'doodu u dhaxayso 16-10 sano (oo ay ku jiraan kuwa hadda ugu fiican adduunka ee da'dooda D. Gukesh iyo R. Praggnanandaa) ayaa ka qayb qaatay tababar XNUMX maalmood socday. Waxa kale oo uu macalin u ahaa da’yarta aduunka ugu fiican. Boris Gelfand - Ayeeyo u dhalatay Belarus oo matalaysa Israa'iil, ku xigeenka adduunka ee 2012.

13. Vladimir Kramnik iyo Boris Gelfand waxay ku tababareen Chennai dhalinyaro tayo leh oo Hindi ah, sawir: Amruta Mokal, ChessBase India

Kramniks waxay ku nool yihiin Geneva, waxay leeyihiin laba carruur ah, gabadh Daria (dhashay 2008) (14 jir) iyo wiil Vadim (dhashay 2013). Waxaa laga yaabaa in caruurtoodu ay raaci doonaan wadadii aabbaha caanka ah mustaqbalka.

14. Vladimir Kramnik iyo gabadhiisa Daria, isha: https://bit.ly/3akwBL9

Liiska ciyaartoyda Chess-ka adduunka

Horyaalada saxda ah ee aduunka

1. Wilhelm Steinitz, 1886-1894

2. Immanuel Lasker, 1894-1921

3. Jose Raul Capablanca, 1921-1927

4. Aleksandr Alechin, 1927-1935 iyo 1937-1946

5. Max Euwe, 1935-1937

6. Mikhail Botvinnik, 1948-1957, 1958-1960 iyo 1961-1963.

7. Vasily Smyslov, 1957-1958

8. Mikhail Tal, 1960-1961

9. Tigran Petrosyan, 1963-1969

10. Boris Spassky, 1969-1972

11. Bobby Fischer, 1972-1975

12. Anatoly Karpov, 1975-1985

13. Garry Kasparov, 1985-1993

PCA/Braingames Horyaalada Adduunka (1993-2006)

1. Garry Kasparov, 1993-2000

2. Vladimir Kramnyk, 2000-2006.

FIDE World Champions (1993-2006)

1. Anatoly Karpov, 1993-1999

2. Alexander Chalifman, 1999-2000

3. Viswanathan Anand, 2000-2002

4. Ruslan Ponomarev, 2002-2004

5. Rustam Kasymdzhanov, 2004-2005.

Veselin Topalov, 6-2005

Horyaalada aduunka ee aan muran lahayn (midaynta ka dib)

14. Vladimir Kramnyk, 2006-2007.

15. Viswanathan Anand, 2007-2013

16. Magnus Carlsen, ilaa 2013