Airbus: Warshadaha Duulimaadyada Yurub ee Mustaqbalka Qaybta 1

Diyaaradda A380, oo Airbus ay ugu yeertay diyaaradda calanka qarniga 21-aad, waa diyaaradda rakaabka ugu weyn adduunka. Emirates waa kan ugu badan ee isticmaala A380.

Dhamaadkii 2018, 162 nuqul ayaa la dalbaday, kuwaas oo 109 ka mid ah la helay, 53 ka mid ah, si kastaba ha ahaatee, 39 ka mid ah ayaa la joojiyay, si wax soo saarka A380 uu ku dhammaanayo 2021.

Welwelka hawada Yurub ee Airbus waa tan ugu weyn Qaaradda hore, waana mid ka mid ah shirkadaha ugu waaweyn adduunka ee soo saara diyaaradaha iyo helikabtarrada, iyo sidoo kale dayax-gacmeedyada, baaritaannada, gawaarida hawada sare iyo qalabka kale ee hawada sare. Marka laga hadlayo diyaaradaha rakaabka ee qaada in ka badan 100 kursi, Airbus waxa ay si guul leh ula tartantay Boeing-ka Mareykanka sanado badan hoggaanka adduunka.

Airbus SE (Societas Europaea) waa shirkad wadaag ah oo ku taxan isweydaarsiga saamiyada Paris, Frankfurt am Main, Madrid, Barcelona, ​​​​Valencia iyo Bilbao. 73,68% saamiyadu waxay ku jiraan wareeg furan. Dawladda Faransiiska iyada oo loo marayo Société de Gestion de Partitions Aéronautiques (Sogepa) waxay leedahay 11,08% saamiyada, dawladda Jarmalka iyada oo loo marayo Gesellschaft zur Beteiligungsverwaltung GZBV mbH & Co. KG - 11,07% iyo Dowladda Spain iyada oo loo marayo Sociedad Estatal de Participaciones Industriales (SEPI) - 4,17%. Shirkadda waxaa maamula guddi maamul oo ka kooban 12 qof iyo guddiga fulinta (guddi) oo ka kooban 17 qof. Guddoomiyaha guddiga waa Denis Rank iyo Guddoomiyaha iyo CEO waa Thomas "Tom" Enders. Airbus waxay ka shaqeysaa saddex qaybood oo waaweyn (khadadka ganacsiga): Airbus Commercial Aircraft (ama si fudud Airbus) waxay bixisaa diyaarad rakaab oo rayid ah oo leh awood ka badan 100 kursi, Airbus Helicopters - helikobtarrada rayidka iyo militariga, iyo Difaaca Airbus iyo Space - diyaarad militari (Militari) Qaybta diyaaradaha)) , baabuurta aan duuliyaha lahayn, nidaamyada hawada madaniga ah iyo militariga (Nidaamka Hawada), iyo sidoo kale isgaarsiinta, sirdoonka iyo nidaamyada amniga (CIS).

A318 waa nooca diyaarada ugu yar ee ay samayso Airbus. Waxa loo adeegsaday saldhig ahaan nooca rakaabka ee 318-318 ee A14 Elite (ACJ18).

Sawirka: A318 ee Frontier Airlines midabada.

Airbus SE waxay saamiyo ku leedahay shirkado iyo isbahaysiyo kala duwan. Airbus Commercial Aircraft waxay leedahay saamiga 50% ee ATR (Avions de Transport Regional), soo saaraha 30 ilaa 78 kursi turboprops ee isgaarsiinta gobolka (50% soo hartay waxaa iska leh Leonardo). Difaaca Airbus iyo Space waxay leedahay saamiga 46% ee Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH, kaas oo soo saara dagaalyahannada Typhoon (la-hawlgalayaasha kale ee BAE Systems - 33% iyo Leonardo - 21%) iyo 37,5% saamiga shirkadda difaaca MBDA (la-hawlgalayaasha kale ee BAE Systems - 37,5% iyo Leonardo - 25%). Waa mulkiilaha keliya ee STELIA Aerospace iyo Premium AEROTEC, alaab-qeybiyeyaasha adduunka ugu horreeya ee qaybaha iyo qaybaha iyo soo-saareyaasha dhismayaasha diyaaradaha rayidka iyo kuwa milatariga. Markay ahayd Maarso 7, 2018, Airbus waxay iibisay kaabadeeda Plant Holdings, Inc. Motorola Solutions, iyo Oktoobar 1, Héroux-Devtek Inc. Shirkadda Compañía Española de Sistemas Aeronáuticos SA (CESA).

2018, Airbus waxay soo gaarsiisay 93 diyaaradood oo rakaab ah 800 oo macaamiisha ganacsiga ah (82 in ka badan 2017, ilaa 11,4%). Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah: 20 A220s, 626 A320s (oo ay ku jiraan 386 cusub A320neos), 49 A330s (oo ay ku jiraan seddexda A330neos ee hore), 93 A350 XWBs iyo 12 A380s. Ilaa 34% wadarta guud ee diyaaraduhu waxa ay aadeen isticmaalayaasha Aasiya, 17% Yurub, 14% Ameerika, 4% Bariga Dhexe iyo Afrika iyo 31% shirkadaha kireysta. Tani waxay ahayd sannadkii lix iyo tobnaad oo isku xigta oo ay Airbus diiwaangelisay korodhka tirada diyaaradaha ee la iibiyo. Buugga dalbashada waxa uu kordhay 747 unug marka laga reebo qiimaha buug-yaraha oo ah €41,519 bilyan ilaa 7577 unug oo u dhigma €411,659 bilyan! Laga soo bilaabo bilawgii ilaa dhamaadka 2018, Airbus waxay heshay dalabka 19 diyaaradood oo rakaab ah oo nooc kasta leh, nooc iyo noocyo kala duwan ah oo ay ka heleen 340 macaamiil ah, kuwaas oo 414 ka mid ah la keenay, hadda waxa jira 11 diyaaradood oo Airbus ah oo ay maamulaan 763 macaamiil adduunka oo dhan ah.

Marka la eego helikabtarrada, Airbus Helicopters waxay soo gaarsiisay 356 unug sannadkii hore waxayna heleen amarro loogu talagalay unugyada 381 oo leh qiime 6,339 bilyan euros ah. Buugga dalabka ee dhamaadka sanadka wuxuu gaadhay 717 unug oo qiimahoodu dhan yahay 14,943 bilyan oo Yuuro. Difaaca Airbus iyo Space waxay heshay amarada qiimaha saafiga ah ee 8,441 bilyan yuuro, taasoo dib u dhac ku keentay qaybta €35,316 bilyan. Wadarta qiimaha dalabka ee kooxda oo dhan laga bilaabo Disembar 31, 2018 waxay ahayd 461,918 bilyan yuuro.

Sanadkii la soo dhaafay, Airbus SE waxay heshay iib isku dhafan oo ah € 63,707 bilyan, faa'iido guud (EBIT; cashuurta hore) ee € 5,048 bilyan iyo dakhliga saafiga ah ee € 3,054. Marka la barbardhigo 2017, dakhligu wuxuu kordhay €4,685 (+8%), faa'iidada guud ee €2,383 (+89%) iyo faa'iidada saafiga ah ee € 693 million (+29,4%). Dakhliga iyo dakhliga qayb kasta (ka dib markii la tixgeliyo khasaaraha ka soo baxa warshadaha isdhaafsiga iyo hawlaha kale) waxay u kala horreeyaan, siday u kala horreeyaan: Airbus Commercial Aircraft - 47,199 bilyan (+ 10,6%) iyo 4,295 bilyan (+ 90%), Airbus Helicopters - 5,523 bilyan (-5,7, 366%) iyo 48 million euros (+10,985%), Airbus Defence and Space - 4,7 billion euros (+676%) iyo 46 million euros (+74,1%). Sidaa darteed, saamiga Airbus Commercial Aircraft ee dakhliga guud ee kooxda wuxuu ahaa 8,7%, Airbus Helicopters - 17,2%, Difaaca Airbus iyo Space - 36,5%. Juquraafi ahaan, 23,297% dakhliga (€27,9 bilyan) ayaa ka yimid iibka Aasiya Pacific; 17,780% (17,5 bilyan) - gudaha Yurub; 11,144% (10 bilyan) - Waqooyiga Ameerika; 6,379% (2,3 bilyan) - Bariga Dhexe; 1,437% (5,8 bilyan) - ee Latin America; 3,670% (3,217 bilyan) - wadamada kale. 14,6 bilyan oo Yuuro ayaa lagu kharash gareeyay cilmi baarista iyo horumarinta, taasoo 2017% ka badan tii 2,807 (XNUMX bilyan).

Dhalashada Airbus.

Horraantii 60-meeyadii, shirkadaha diyaaradaha ee Yurub waxay bilaabeen inay lumiyaan tartanka caalamiga ah ee shirkadaha Maraykanka ee Boeing, Lockheed iyo McDonnell Douglas. Xataa shirkadaha diyaaradaha ee Yurub ayaa aad u xiisaynaya inay duuliyaan diyaaradaha Maraykanka. Shuruudahan, sida kaliya ee lagu guuleysan karo - iyo mustaqbalka fog ee lagu noolaan karo suuqa - waxay ahayd in la isku daro ciidamada, sida kiiska barnaamijka Concorde supersonic airliner. Sidaa darteed, laba faa'iidooyin oo dheeraad ah ayaa la helay: tartanka daalka ah ee labada dhinac waa la tirtiray iyo culeyska dhaqaale ee hay'adaha ku lugta leh waa la dhimay (mid kasta oo ka mid ah la-hawlgalayaasha ayaa qaatay qayb ka mid ah kharashka barnaamijka).

Bartamihii 60-meeyadii, tirada rakaabka oo si xawli ah u kordheysa awgeed, shirkadaha reer Yurub waxay ku dhawaaqeen baahida loo qabo diyaarad cusub oo qaadi karta ugu yaraan 100 kursi, taas oo loogu talagalay in lagu fuliyo dariiqyada gaaban iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee ugu hooseeya ee suurtogalka ah. Thanks to sifooyinka gaarka ah ee noocaas ah, diyaaraddu waxay si dhakhso ah u heshay magaca aan rasmiga ahayn ee airbus (airbus). Iyada oo laga jawaabayo, shirkadaha Ingiriiska ee BAC iyo Hawker Siddeley waxay soo saareen nashqado horudhac ah oo ku salaysan diyaaradoodii hore ee 1-11 iyo Trident siday u kala horreeyaan, halka Faransiis Sud Aviation ay soo saartay naqshadda diyaaradda Galion. Kadib Hawker Siddeley, oo ay weheliyaan shirkadaha Faransiiska ee Bréguet iyo Nord Aviation, ayaa sameeyay naqshad horudhac ah oo ah diyaaradda HBN 100. Dhanka kale, shirkadaha Jarmalka Galbeed Dornier, Hamburger Flugzeugbau, Messerschmitt, Siebelwerke-ATG iyo VFW ayaa abuuray Studientgruppe Airbus (dhakhso dib u habeyn) Airbus), iyo Sebtembar 2 1965 waxaa loo beddelay Deutsche Airbus), si loo barto suurtagalnimada in la sameeyo diyaarad ku habboon kaligiis ama la bilaabo iskaashiga la-hawlgalayaasha shisheeye.

Diyaaradda China Eastern Airlines A319 ee lagu muujiyey sawirka waxay ahayd 320th AXNUMX qoyska oo lagu soo ururiyey Tianjin, Shiinaha. FALC waxay ahayd khadkii ugu horeeyay ee Airbus ee ka baxsan Yurub.

Bishii Oktoobar 1965, diyaaradaha Yurub waxay beddeleen shuruudahooda Airbus, iyagoo dejinaya awoodda ugu yaraan 200-225 kursi, oo kala duwan oo ah 1500 km, iyo kharashyada hawlgelinta qiyaastii 20-30% ka yar kuwa Boeing 727-200. Xaaladdan oo kale, dhammaan mashaariicda hadda jira waa duugoobay. Si loo taageero horumarinta Airbus, dawladaha UK, Faransiiska iyo Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka ee Jarmalka mid kastaa wuxuu doortay hal urur qaran si ay si wadajir ah u horumariyaan mashruuca cusub: Hawker Siddeley, Sud Aviation iyo Arbeitsgemeinschaft Airbus. Saldhigga shaqada dheeraadka ah wuxuu ahaa mashruuca diyaaradda HBN 100 oo ballaaran, oo hadda loo qoondeeyay HSA 300. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Faransiisku ma jeclayn magacan, sababtoo ah, ra'yigooda, waxay kor u qaadday Hawker Siddeley Aviation, inkastoo ay si rasmi ah u qaadatay. ka yimid xarfaha ugu horreeya ee magacyada dhammaan saddexda lammaane. Wadahadal dheer ka dib, waxaa la ansixiyay A300, halkaas oo xarafka A loola jeedo Airbus, lambarka 300 uu ahaa tirada ugu badan ee kuraasta rakaabka.

Bishii Oktoobar 15, 1966, saddexda shirkadood ee aan kor ku soo sheegnay waxay codsi u gudbiyeen dawladaha dalalkooda iyagoo ka codsaday inay ka wada maalgeliyaan barnaamijka miisaaniyadda dawladda. Bishii Luulyo 25, 1967, Wasiirada Dhaqaalaha iyo / ama Gaadiidka ee Great Britain, France iyo Germany waxay saxiixeen heshiis horudhac ah "si loo qaado tallaabooyinka ku habboon horumarinta wadajirka ah iyo soo saarista basaska" iyada oo ujeedadu tahay "xoojinta iskaashiga Yurub ee berrinka. ee tignoolajiyada duulista iyo kor u qaadida horumarka dhaqaalaha iyo teknoolajiyada ee Yurub ". Heshiis gaar ah, oo bilaabay wajigii horumarinta barnaamijka, ayaa bishii Sebtembar ee sanadkaas lagu saxiixay London. Faransiiska iyo UK waa in ay qaadaan 37,5% kharashaadka barnaamijka midkiiba, Jarmalkana 25%. Sud Aviation waxa ay noqotay shirkadda hormuudka ah, iyada oo injineer Faransiis ah Roger Beteil uu hoggaamiyo kooxda horumarinta.

Markii hore, Rolls-Royce waxay ahayd inay soo saarto RB300 matoorada turbojet cusub oo loogu talagalay A207. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay siisay mudnaan dheeri ah horumarinta matoorada RB211, oo loogu talagalay inta badan suuqyada Mareykanka, taas oo la xiriirta shaqada RB207 ay si rasmi ah u joogsatay. Isla mar ahaantaana, waxaa soo baxday in shirkadaha diyaaradaha ee Yurub ay dib u eegis ku sameeyeen saadaasha kobaca taraafikada rakaabka ee hoos u dhaca.