Biodiesel. Tallaabo lagama maarmaan ah oo mustaqbalka ah

Maxay ka samaysan tahay biodiesel?

Biodiesel waa bey'ada u fiican, shidaal kale oo laga soo saari karo gudaha, ilo dib loo cusboonaysiin karo sida soybean, abuur kufsi ama saliidda khudradda, iyo sidoo kale dufanka xoolaha. Biodiesel kuma jirto batroolka, laakiin waxaa lagu qasi karaa nooc kasta oo shidaalka naaftada ah. Isku darka 20% biodiesel iyo 80% naaftada ayaa loo isticmaali karaa ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan noocyada rakibaadda naaftada. Isku dhafkan heerka hooseeya inta badan uma baahna wax ka beddelka mishiinka (marka laga reebo filtarrada shidaalka, tuubooyinka shidaalka iyo shaabadihii qaar ka mid ah matoorada naaftada ee duugga ah), laakiin isku-dhafka ay ku jiraan boqolkiiba sare ee bayofuels (oo ay ku jiraan biodiesel saafi ah) waxay u baahan doonaan wax ka beddel yar.

Biodiesel waa fududahay in la isticmaalo, biodegradable, deegaanka saaxiibtinimo oo ka kooban shiidaa aan baaruud ama udgoon.

Heerka Yurub EN 14214 waxaa loo arkaa heerka dhabta ah ee adduunka nooca shidaalka ee su'aasha. Sida laga soo xigtay isaga, halabuurka biodiesel waxaa ka mid ah:

1. Khudaar (galley, soybean,seed kufsi, gabbaldayaha) ama saliidda xoolaha. Isticmaalka saliidda timirta iyo lawska waa wax aan la aqbali karin, tan iyo markii biodiesel-ka laga helay iyaga oo aan ku haboonayn shidaalka naaftada jiilaalka.
2. Triglycerides.
3. Monoalkyl esters ama methyl esters ee acids dufanka leh.
4. Aalkolada (ethanol ama isopropanol; xaddi xadidan, suntan awgeed, methanol ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa).
5. Waxyaabaha lagu daro ee aan laga maarmi karin ee qaabka ilaalinta - butylhydroquinone tertiary, dimethylpolysiloxane ama citric acid, kuwaas oo had iyo jeer laga helo dufanka xayawaanka. Ma saameeyaan tayada biodiesel.

Tiknoolaji wax soo saar

Biodiesel waxa laga samayn karaa saliid cusub ama la isticmaalay iyo dufanka xoolaha. Tignoolajiyada wax soo saarka biodiesel waa kala duwan yihiin. Saliidaha iyo dufanka waa la sifeeyaa oo la sii hagaajiyaa si looga saaro biyaha iyo wasakhooyinka. Ka dib markii saliidda la warshadeeyey iyo dufanka lagu qaso khamriga iyo kicinta. Unugyada saliiddu way burburaan oo isu beddelaan methyl esters iyo glycerol, kuwaas oo la kala saaro midba midka kale oo la nadiifiyo.

Talaabada ugu adag ee helitaanka bayofuelku waa kala goynta unugyo asiidh dufan leh oo silsilad dheer ah oo ay ku xidhan yihiin molecule glycerol. Inta lagu jiro hawshan, waxa la isticmaalaa kiciye (alkali), kaas oo jebiya molecules glycerol oo isku dara mid kasta oo ka mid ah silsiladaha aashitada dufanka leh iyo molecule aalkolo ah. Natiijadu waa abuurista monoalkyl ama ethyl esters, ama esters of acids dufan. Inta lagu jiro habkan - xiisaha - glycerol wuxuu hoos u dhacayaa xagga hoose waana laga saarayaa.

Qiyaastii kala badh wax-soo-saarka shidaalka biodiesel-ka ayaa isticmaali kara kayd kasta oo kaarboon-karboon ah oo dufan ku jiro, xitaa saliidaha warshadaysan ee leh khudradda ama qaybaha organic. Qaybta kale waxay soo saartaa biodiesel si gaar ah saliidda khudradda. Saliida soybeanku waxa ay ku badan tahay taxanahan: waxa jira wax-soo-saar xad-dhaaf ah oo adduunka ah, wax-soo-saarka xad-dhaafka ah ayaa ka qayb qaata hoos u dhaca qiimaha shidaalka. Qiimaha biodiesel halkii litir - laga bilaabo 50 ilaa 100 rubles.

Sida loo sameeyo biodiesel guriga?

Doorashada ugu fudud waa in lagu qaso qaar ka mid ah saliidda khudradda iyo naaftada caadiga ah, khafiif ah ama shidaalka. Isku dhafka kala duwan ayaa la isticmaalaa, laga bilaabo 10% saliidda cuntada iyo 90% batroolka ilaa xad ka soo horjeeda. Saliidda khudaarta waa in la kululeeyaa ka hor inta aan la isku qasin, ka dibna maqaamkeedu wuu yaraan doonaa, isku-darka ayaa noqon doona mid degdeg ah.

Saxafada iyo goobaha gaarka ah, waxaad akhrin kartaa talada "sameeyayaasha" ee ku saabsan kordhinta walxaha sida turpentine, naphthalene, xylene ama shidaal aan sun ahayn. Wax yar ayaa laga og yahay saamaynta waxyaalahan lagu daray ay ku leeyihiin sifooyinka gubashada shidaalka ama saamaynta ay muddada dheer ku leeyihiin mishiinka.

Doorasho dheeraad ah oo la aqbali karo waa soo saarista biodiesel iyada oo loo marayo falcelinta kiimikada lagama maarmaanka ah, gaar ahaan tan iyo qaybaha ugu muhiimsan - khamriga, alkali, glycerin - si fudud ayaa looga iibsan karaa dukaamada.

Habka soo saarida biodiesel guriga waa sida soo socota:

1. U diyaari weel hufan oo leh mugga 2 litir oo caag ah kiimiko u adkaysta oo dabool adag leh.
2. Litir oo saliid khudradeed cusub ah, kuleyl ilaa 55⁰C, ku shub weel oo ku qas 200 ml oo aalkolo ah adigoo isticmaalaya blender. Isku darka waa in lagu sameeyaa 20 daqiiqo gudahood.
3. Si taxadar leh ugu shub qulqulka - potassium hydroxide (ka fiican) ama sodium, qadar 5 g ah. (loogu talagalay KOH) ama 3,5 g (NaOH) 1 litirba. Waxaad u baahan tahay inaad ku darto aalkolo iyo kicinta adoo isticmaalaya marolo kala duwan.
4. Xir weelka si adag oo ku rog dayuurad toosan 5-6 jeer si aad u dedejiso habka falcelinta. Kala dirida Alkali waxay socon kartaa min 15 daqiiqo (KOH) ilaa 8 saacadood (NaOH).
5. Ka dib dhamaadka falcelinta, waa inaad sugtaa 12-20 saacadood oo kale ilaa inta ay ku urursan tahay qaybta hoose ee weelka. Waa in si taxadar leh loo saaraa.

Lagu kariyey biodiesel saliid cusub waxay leedahay midab huruud ah. Qadar gaar ah oo turbidity ah si gaar ah uma saameyn doonto tayada shidaalka.

Biodiesel