Matoorada Opel Astra
Tusmo
1991 waxay ahayd sanadka ugu horreeya ee gaadhiga cusub ee Adam Opel OG. Dhammaadkii soddonkii sano ee hegemony ee Opel Kadett E waxay ahayd dhalashadii xiddiga. Tani waa sida magaca sii wadaha caadooyinka, gaariga Astra, uu ugu dhawaaqo turjumaadda Laatiinka. Baabuurta ayaa loo qoondeeyay laga bilaabo xarafka F. Baabuurtii ugu horreysay waxay u yimaadeen suuqa Yurub iyagoo wakiil ka ah "class golf" cusub. Baabuurta taxanaha J iyo K ayaa wali lagu soo saaraa warshadaha General Motors ilaa maantadan la joogo.
Astra F - isbeddelka moodada Yurub
Concern Adam Opel AG waxa uu keenay wax ka beddello badan oo taxanaha F ah ee suuqa. Tusaale ahaan, kala duwanaanshaha Caravan waxa loo soo saaray sidii gaadhi istaan shan albaab ah iyo saddex-albaab “gaari”. Intaa waxaa dheer, iibsadayaashu waxay dooran karaan:
- sedan - 4 albaab;
- hatchback - 3 iyo 5 albaab.
Baabuurtu waxay ku kala duwanaayeen qaabka guusha gaarka ah. Hatchbacks waxay lahaayeen qol shandad oo dhan 360 litir. Baabuurka saldhigga ee nooca caadiga ah wuxuu qaaday culeys gaaraya 500 oo litir, iyo kuraasta safka dambe ee laalaabiyay - 1630 litir. Fududeynta, shaqeynta iyo raaxada - kuwani waa tayada ugu muhiimsan ee lagu xusay dhammaan isticmaalayaasha gaariga cusub iyada oo aan laga reebin. Dib-u-habaynta ee 1994 waxay keentay agab cusub oo loogu talagalay jar-jarrada gudaha baabuurka. Barkin shil ayaa lagu rakibay tiirka isteerinka.
Shirkaddu ma iloobin kuwa jecel dhaqdhaqaaqyada dibadda iyo ciyaaraha. Iyaga, laba nooc oo matoorada 2-litir ah ayaa lagu rakibay nooca GT - 115 iyo 150 hp. Sannadkii 1993-kii, tirada ayaa lagu kabay baabuur afar-kursi leh oo fasalka beddelmi kara. Wax-soo-saarkeeda yar-yar waxaa maamulka Jarmalku u wakiishay shirkadda baabuurta yar ee Talyaaniga ee Bertone. Baabuurka ayaa helay wax dheeraad ah oo ku saabsan calaamadaynta - soo gaabinta GSI (Grand Sport Injection). Noocyada noocan oo kale ah "lagu eedeeyay" waxay ka tageen khadadka shirarka ee warshadaha UK, South America, Australia, India, Poland, South Africa, China ilaa 2000. Afarta xilli ee soo socota, baabuurta taxanaha F ee Poland waxaa laga iibiyay dalalkii xeradii hore ee hantiwadaagga iyo Turkiga.
Qarniga cusub - hoos xarafka G
Jiilkii labaad ee gaariga caanka ah ayaa helay xarafka xiga ee alifbeetada Laatiinka. Sida nuqulkii ugu horreeyay, Astra G waxaa laga soo saaray dalal badan oo adduunka ah. Australia gudaheeda, summada Holden ayaa lagu cusboonaysiiyay xarfaha TS. Nooca Ingiriiska ayaa loo yaqaan Vauxhall Mk4. Opel Astra G waxay heshay dalalkii hore ee USSR:
- Ruushka - Chevrolet Viva.
- Ukraine - Astra Classic.
Wax ka beddelka taxanaha G wuxuu helay laba nooc oo gudbin ah - gudbinta tooska ah ee 4-xawaaraha ah ee Japan iyo buug-xawaaraha 5-xawaaraha leh oo leh wadista biyaha. Faahfaahinta naqshadaynta sifaha kale:
- Nidaamka ka hortagga qufulka (ABS);
- ka joojinta - McFerson hore, laydhka madax-bannaan ee badh - gadaal;
- biriiga disc.
Wax ugub ah ayaa ahaa rakibidda nidaamka ka-hortagga simbiriirrada.
Muujinta safka ayaa ahayd hatchback OPC GSI oo leh matoor dabiici ah oo 160 hp ah (1999). Saddex sano ka dib, hoos soo gaabintan, baabuurta qaababka kale waxay bilaabeen inay soo baxaan - coupes, gawaarida saldhigga, beddelka. Tan dambe waxay noqotay mid si dhab ah u garaacday suuqa Yurub. Iyada oo matoor turbocharged ah oo awooddiisu tahay 192-200 hp. iyo mugga 2,0 litir. wuxuu u ekaa bahal dhab ah.
Astra H - hore ee Ruushka
Sannadkii 2004, wax soo saarka ee wax ka beddelka taxanaha saddexaad ee baabuurta Astra ayaa la abaabulay ee Russia. Shirka SKD ee baabuurta waxaa fuliyay shirkadda Kaliningrad "Avtotor" muddo shan sano ah. 2008 wuxuu ahaa sanadka ugu horeeya ee wax soo saarka taxane buuxa ee qaabka Opel. Gaadiidku wuxuu ku yaal tuulada Shushary, Gobolka Leningrad. Muddo ka dib, golaha ayaa si buuxda dib loogu habeeyey Kaliningrad.
Taxanaha H wuxuu noqday horudhaca baabuurta Astra ee qaab cusub - sedans. Waxay beddeleen Vectra B. Ka dib bandhiggii Istanbul ee 2004, baabuurka cusub waxaa lagu soo saaray Jarmalka, Ireland, Mexico iyo Brazil (4-albaab Chevrolet Vectra hatchback). Safka taxanaha waxaa sidoo kale jiray moodooyinka jirka iyo gawaarida saldhigyada. Dambe wuxuu noqday aasaaska abuurista 2009 ee Astra TwinTop coupe-cabrilet. Ruushka, moodooyinkan ayaa la soo saaray ilaa 2014 sida Astra Family.
Hase yeeshee, qaabka hatchback ayaa ahaa kan ugu caansan. Nooca shan-albaab, oo leh mishiin 1,6 litir ah oo awood u leh 115 hp, baabuurku wuxuu lahaa faa'iidooyin badan:
- barkimaha shilka ee afar rakaab ah;
- daaqadaha dambe ee korontada;
- nidaamka kululaynta kursiga;
- xakamaynta cimilada;
- kamarada daawashada.
Marka lagu daro nidaamka stereo CD/mp3 iyo sanduuqa gear-ga lix-xawaaraha ah ee noocyada qaaliga ah, baabuurka ayaa u muuqday mid aad u wanaagsan.
Wakiilada ugu awooda badan ee taxanaha H waa baabuur lagu soo ururiyey qaabaynta Firfircoon iyo Cosmo oo leh gudbinta tooska ah iyo matoorada turbocharged:
- 1,6 litir 170 hp;
- 1,4 litir 140 hp
Madal cusub oo taxane cusub ah
Bandhigga baabuurta ee Frankfurt 2009, Opel waxay soo bandhigtay madal cusub oo is haysta, Delta II, suuqa baabuurta caalamiga ah. Tilmaamaha baabuurka cusub ayaa si weyn u soo dhaweeyay go'aamada naqshadeynta qorayaasha fikradda Insigna. Warshadii ugu horreysay ee baabuurta taxanaha H ay bilaabeen in la isugu keeno si buuxda waxay ahayd Vauxhall oo ku taal gobolka Ingriiska ee Cheshire.
Xaqiiqo qosol leh oo ka mid ah taariikhda taxanaha ayaa ah diidmada maamulka Opel inuu isticmaalo xarafka I raacaya H ee alifbeetada Laatiinka.
Qoraaga fikradda qaabka waxaa iska leh kooxda Xarunta Naqshadeynta Opel (Rüsselheim, Jarmalka). Wadarta wakhtiga nadiifinta moodeelka fikradeed ee marinka dabaysha ayaa dhaaftay 600 saacadood. Nashqadayaashu waxay isbeddel weyn ku sameeyeen muuqaalka dhaqameed ee hatchback:
- giraangiraha oo lagu kordhiyay 71 mm;
- fogaanta orodka oo kordhay.
Chassis-ka waxaa loo nashqadeeyay si waafaqsan nidaamka mechatronic. Tani waxay suurtogal ka dhigtay in la isku daro makaanikada iyo hababka elektaroonigga ah ee "smart" ee qaybaha kala duwan ee baabuurka, sida joojinta FlexRide. Darawalku wuxuu si madaxbanaan ula qabsan karaa saddexda nooc ee cayrinta (Standart, Sport ama Tour) si uu ugu habboonaado qaabkiisa wadista.
Marka lagu daro isbeddelada kacaanka ee nidaamka xakamaynta, kooxda naqshadeynta ayaa macaamiisha siisay hal-abuuro kale oo wanaagsan:
- nidaamka iftiinka gudaha ee casriga ah iyo kuraasta ergonomic;
- nalalka hore ee bi-xenon ee jiilka cusub AFL +.
Waxaa la go'aamiyay in lagu rakibo kamarad loogu talagalay aragtida hore ee Opel Eye dhammaan noocyada taxanaha cusub. Waxay awood u leedahay inay aqoonsato calaamadaha waddooyinka ee lagu dhejiyay waddada oo ay ka digaan ka leexashada jihada ugu habboon ee dhaqdhaqaaqa.
Astra K - gaariga mustaqbalka
Xubinta ugu casrisan ee qoyska Astra ee baabuurta Opel waa hatchback-ka-K-taxane ah.Nashqaddeeda iyo sifooyinkiisa waxa loo diyaariyay iibsadayaasha iman kara Sebtembar 2015 gudaha Frankfurt. 10 bilood ka dib, baabuurkii ugu horeeyay wuxuu helay iibsadaha:
- gudaha UK - sida Vauxhall Astra;
- Shiinaha - oo hoos yimaada astaanta Buick Verano;
- qaaradda shanaad oo leh calaamada Holden Astra.
Naqshadeynta baabuurka ayaa xitaa noqotay mid casri ah marka la barbardhigo wax ka beddelkii hore. Waxaa lagu qalabeeyay aqoontii ugu dambeysay ee dhanka farsamada baabuurta. Marka laga soo tago 5-albaab hatchback, waxaa sidoo kale la heli karaa baabuurka hore ee wadista taayirrada hore. Alaab cusub ayaa lagu soo ururiyay laba warshadood - oo ku yaal Polish Gliwice iyo Elzmirport, Foggy Albion. Magaca goobta rasmiga ah waa D2XX. Ka mid ah baabuurta fasalka Golf-ka, oo hadda aad looga yaqaan C-class, Astra K waxaa si kaftan ah ama si dhab ah loogu yeeraa "Quantum leap".
Darawalada waxaa la bixiyaa wax aan ka yarayn 18 doorasho oo kala duwan oo la isku hagaajin karo. Baahnayn in la yiraahdo, AGR waa la shahaado. Ka sokow:
- Opel Eye oo toos ah oo loogu talagalay dabagalka calaamadaha waddooyinka;
- xakamaynta aagga dhintay;
- hab loogu soo celiyo baabuurka haadkiisa marka laga gudbayo haadka;
Nooca makaanikada, mugga mishiinka 3-dhululubo oo leh awood 105 hp ah. waa 1 litir oo kaliya, xawaaraha autobahn wuxuu ka hooseeyaa 200 km / h. Si toos ah gudbinta lix-xawaaraha ah, 4-dhululubo 1,6 litir ayaa loo isticmaalaa. engine (136 hp).
Dhirta tamarta ee Opel Astra
Qaabkan baabuurta caanka ah ee Jarmalku waa horyaalnimada buuxda ee walaalahood marka loo eego tirada matoorada lagu rakibay isbeddello kala duwan. Shan qarni, waxay ahaayeen ilaa 58 ka mid ah.
| Calaamadayn | Mugga, l. | Nooca | Mugga, | Awoodda ugu badan, kW / hp | Nidaamka Awoodda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cm 3 | |||||
| A13DTE | 1.2 | naaftada turbocharged | 1248 | 70/95 | tareenada caadiga ah |
| A14NEL | 1.4 | shidaal turbocharged ah | 1364 | 88/120 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| A14NET | 1.4 | -: - | 1364 | 101 / 138, 103 / 140 | DOHC, DCVCP |
| A14XEL | 1.4 | batrool | 1398 | 64/87 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| A14XER | 1.4 | -: - | 1398 | 74/100 | DOHC |
| A16 FUDUD | 1.6 | shidaal turbocharged ah | 1598 | 132/180 | cirbad toos ah |
| A16XER | 1.6 | batrool | 1598 | 85 / 115, 103 / 140 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| A16XHT | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 125/170 | cirbad toos ah |
| A17DTJ | 1.7 | naaftada | 1686 | 81/110 | tareenada caadiga ah |
| A17DTR | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 92/125 | -: - |
| A20DTH | 2 | -: - | 1956 | 118/160, 120/163, 121/165 | -: - |
| A20DTR | 2 | naaftada turbocharged | 1956 | 143/195 | -: - |
| B16DTH | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 100/136 | -: - |
| B16DTL | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 81/100 | -: - |
| C14NZ | 1.4 | batrool | 1389 | 66/90 | hal duritaan, SOHC |
| C14 SE | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 60/82 | duritaanka dekedda, SOHC |
| C18 XEL | 1.8 | -: - | 1799 | 85/115 | -: - |
| C20XE | 2 | -: - | 1998 | 110/150 | -: - |
| X14NZ | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 66/90 | -: - |
| X14XE | 1.4 | -: - | 1389 | 66/90 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| X16SZ | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 52 / 71, 55 / 75 | hal duritaan, SOHC |
| X16SZR | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 55 / 75, 63 / 85 | hal duritaan, SOHC |
| X16XEL | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74 / 100, 74 / 101 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| X17DT | 1.7 | shidaal turbocharged ah | 1686 | 60/82 | SOHC |
| X17DTL | 1.7 | naaftada turbocharged | 1700 | 50/68 | -: - |
| X18XE | 1.8 | batrool | 1799 | 85/115 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| X18XE1 | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 85/115, 85/116, 92/125 | -: - |
| X20DTL | 2 | naaftada turbocharged | 1995 | 60/82 | tareenada caadiga ah |
| X20XER | 2 | batrool | 1998 | 118/160 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| Y17DT | 1.7 | naaftada turbocharged | 1686 | 55/75 | tareenada caadiga ah |
| Y20DTH | 2 | -: - | 1995 | 74/100 | -: - |
| Y20DTL | 2 | -: - | 1995 | 60/82 | -: - |
| Y22DTR | 2.2 | -: - | 2172 | 88 / 120, 92 / 125 | -: - |
| Z12XE | 1.2 | batrool | 1199 | 55/75 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| Z13DTH | 1.3 | naaftada turbocharged | 1248 | 66/90 | tareenada caadiga ah |
| Z14XEL | 1.4 | batrool | 1364 | 55/75 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| Z14XEP | 1.4 | -: - | 1364 | 64 / 87, 66 / 90 | -: - |
| Laga bilaabo 16 JIR | 1.6 | shidaal turbocharged ah | 1598 | 132/180 | -: - |
| Z16SE | 1.6 | batrool | 1598 | 62 / 84, 63 / 85 | -: - |
| Z16XE | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74 / 100, 74 / 101 | -: - |
| Z16XE1 | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 77/105 | -: - |
| Z16XEP | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 74/100, 76/103, 77/105 | -: - |
| Z16XER | 1.6 | -: - | 1598 | 85/115 | -: - |
| Z16YNG | 1.6 | gaaska | 1598 | 71/97 | -: - |
| Z17DTH | 1.7 | naaftada turbocharged | 1686 | 74/100 | tareenada caadiga ah |
| Z17DTL | 1.7 | -: - | 1686 | 59/80 | -: - |
| Z18XE | 1.8 | batrool | 1796 | 90 / 122, 92 / 125 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| Z18XEL | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 85/116 | -: - |
| Z18XER | 1.8 | -: - | 1796 | 103/140 | -: - |
| Z19DT | 1.9 | naaftada turbocharged | 1910 | 88/120 | tareenada caadiga ah |
| Z19DTH | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 88 / 120, 110 / 150 | -: - |
| Z19DTJ | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 88/120 | -: - |
| Z19DTL | 1.9 | -: - | 1910 | 74 / 100, 88 / 120 | -: - |
| Z20LEL | 2 | shidaal turbocharged ah | 1998 | 125/170 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| Z20LER | 2 | shidaalka atmospheric | 1998 | 125/170 | duritaanka dekedda tooska ah |
| shidaal turbocharged ah | 1998 | 147/200 | |||
| Laga bilaabo 20 JIR | 2 | shidaal turbocharged ah | 1998 | 140/190, 141/192, 147/200 | irbad la qaybiyey |
| Z22SE | 2.2 | batrool | 2198 | 108/147 | cirbad toos ah |
Laba matoor oo khadka oo dhan ah ayaa aad uga cajiibsan kuwa kale. Kaliya Z20LER-ka laba-litir ah ayaa lagu sii daayay isla summad laba nooc oo kala duwan:
- atmospheric, oo leh duritaan shidaal oo toos ah, 170 hp
- laba boqol oo duritaan xoog leh, oo leh turbocharger.
Z16YNG waa mashiinka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee kaliya ee Opel Astra.
Matoorka ugu caansan ee Opel Astra
Waa arrin aad u fudud in la kala saaro motor, taas oo inta badan ka badan kuwa kale noqday saldhigga warshadda korontada ee baabuurta Opel Astra. Tani waa 1,6-litir oo shidaal ah oo ka mid ah taxanaha Z16. Shan ka mid ah wax ka beddelkeeda ayaa la sii daayay (SE, XE, XE1, XEP, XER). Dhammaantood waxay lahaayeen mugga isku mid ah - 1598 sentimitir cubic. Nidaamka korontada ee matoorka, mudiye ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu shubo shidaalka - qaybta xakamaynta irbad qaybsan.
Matoorkaan 101 hp Sannadkii 2000, waxa uu noqday bedelka engine X16XEL, kaas oo lagu rakibay noocyo kala duwan oo Opel. Waxaa loo isticmaalay muddo shan sano ah Astra G. Tilmaamaha naqshadeynta, waa in la ogaadaa joogitaanka nidaamka xakamaynta Multec-S (F), xakamaynta xakamaynta elektaroonigga ah. Dareemayaasha ogsijiinta ayaa lagu rakibay labada dhinac ee kicinta.
Inkasta oo ay caannimadiisa weyn tahay, hawlgalkeedu ma ahayn dhibaato la'aan. Kuwa ugu waaweyn waxaa ka mid ah:
- isticmaalka saliidda oo kordhay;
- dib u dhaca qaybaha korka ururiyaha.
Si loo caawiyo darawaliinta la kulma dhibaatooyinka hawlgalka mishiinka, horumariyayaashu waxay rakibeen nidaamka is-ogaanshaha EOBD. Caawinteeda, waxaad si dhakhso ah u heli kartaa sababta cilladda mashiinka.
Doorashada saxda ah ee matoorka marka la iibsanayo Astra
Habka xulashada isku-dhafka ugu fiican ee qaabka baabuurka iyo korontada ayaa had iyo jeer la socda fikrado xanuun badan, daraasad dheer oo qalab ah iyo, ugu dambeyntii, is-tijaabin. Waxaa la yaab leh, oo leh tiro balaadhan oo ah matoorada Ecotec, ma adka in la doorto qaabka ugu fiican ee warshadda korontada ee Opel Astra. Saddexda ugu sarreeya ee dib u eegista iyo qiimeynta kala duwan ee sannadihii la soo dhaafay ayaa si joogto ah ugu daray shidaalka A14NET ee turbocharged. Barokaca mishiinka - 1364 cm3, awood - 1490 hp. xawaaraha ugu badan - 202 km / h.
Turbocharger-ku wuxuu ka caawiyaa mishiinka inuu si fudud ula qabsado wadista waddooyinka ee kakanaanta iyo qaabeynta. Marka la barbardhigo mishiin kasta oo laba-litir ah, waxay u egtahay kalsooni badan. Waxaa la yaab leh in naqshadeeyuhu uu ku dhejiyay marawaxadaha matoorka mugga yar. Laakiin waxay si buuxda u qiyaaseen, maaddaama matoorku u soo baxay inuu noqdo mid aad u guul leh. Ka dib markii ugu horeysay ee 2010, wuxuu isla markiiba galay taxane dhowr nooc oo baabuurta Opel - Astra J iyo GTC, Zafira, Meriva, Mocca, Chevrolet Cruise.
Helitaanka wanaagsan wuxuu ahaa rakibidda silsiladda waqtiga. Waxay u egtahay mid aad loogu kalsoonaan karo marka loo eego suunka. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay rakibidda wiishashka haydarooliga, baahida loo qabo hagaajinta joogtada ah waa la tirtiray. Beddelka wakhtiga waalka waxa gacanta ku haya nidaamka DCVCP. Turbine A14NET waxay leedahay saddex astaamood oo kala duwan:
- isku halaynta;
- faa'idada;
- qiyaaso yaryar.
"khasaarooyinka" waxaa ka mid ah xulashada gaarka ah ee cutubka tayada saliidda la shubay.
Matoorka waa in aan si weyn loo rarin marka la wado. Looma qorshayn inay riixdo xawaaraha ugu sarreeya oo ay gaadho xawaaraha ugu sarreeya, sida A16XHT, ama A16LET. Xulashada ugu fiican ee wadista waa wadida dhaqaale ee xawaaraha dhexdhexaadka ah. Isticmaalka shidaalku kama badnaan doono 5,5 litir. wadada weyn, iyo 9,0 litir. wadada magaalada. Iyadoo la raacayo dhammaan shuruudaha la sheegay soo-saaraha, mishiinkani wuxuu keeni doonaa hawlwadeenka ugu yaraan dhibaatooyin.
