Sidee loo bartaa in laga fahmo baabuurta meel eber ah? Muuqaal faahfaahsan

Awoodda lagu fahmo mishiinada waa fikrad aad u ballaadhan. Qaarkood, way ku filan tahay inay kala soocaan hal nooc oo kale. Isla dadka xirfaddoodu ku xidhan tahay baabuurta ayaa macno aad u ballaadhan geliyey fikraddan:

• nooca jidhka;
• fasalka baabuurta;
• nooca engine - injector, carburetor, naaftada, hal ama laba-stroke, hybrid, baabuur koronto;
• gudbinta - makaanik, si toos ah, kala duwanaansho, robotic, preselective (laba xajin).

Haddii aad ka shaqayso, tusaale ahaan, shirkad iibinaysa agabka dayactirka ama dukaanka baabuurta, ka dib marka loo eego sharaxaadda shaqada, waa inaad si fudud u leedahay aqoon ballaadhan:

• si fiican u yaqaan noocyada model ah ee baabuurta gaar ah - taas oo ah, waa inay ogaadaan waxa farqiga u dhexeeya matoorada kala duwan, tusaale ahaan VAZ-2104 - VAZ-21073, VAZ-21067, mugga, shidaalka, sifooyinka;
• sifooyinka farsamada ee cutubyo kala duwan;
• naqshadeynta iyo sifooyinka qalabka.

Haddii aad waligaa iibsatay qaybo dheeri ah, markaa waxaad ogtahay inay ku filan tahay khabiir wanaagsan inuu tuso hal ama qayb kale oo dheeri ah - dhululubo biriig ah, qalab labaad, usheeda dhexe ama dhexe ee sanduuqa gear, fiilada xajinta , xadhkaha sii daayo, disc feredo - wuxuu u magacaabi doonaa iyaga oo aan wax dhibaato ah qabin calaamad, u sheego gaariga uu ka yimid, iyo tan ugu muhiimsan, kuu sheegi karo waxa uu yahay. Waxa kale oo uu si fudud u dooran doonaa qaybta aad uga baahan tahay buug-yaraha - laga bilaabo giraanta caagga ah ee daboolaya ama katiinka, ilaa golaha qaybiyaha ama dhabarka dambe ee sanduuqa gearbox.

Way caddahay in xirfadda noocaas ahi ay ku timaaddo khibrad. Waxaan isku dayi doonaa inaan ku siinno talooyinka aasaasiga ah boggayaga Vodi.su.

Fikradaha aasaasiga ah

Baabuur kastaa wuxuu ka kooban yahay todoba hab oo waaweyn:

• mootada;
• gudbinta
• isteerinka;
• chassis ama ganaax;
• habka biriiga;
• jirka;
• qalabka korontada.

Jidhka - fasalada iyo noocyada

Waxa ugu horreeya ee aan aragno marka aan u riyaaqeyno kan ama gaarigaas waa jirka. Mar hore ayaan arrintan wax badan uga hadalnay mareegahayaga, markaa waan ku celin doonnaa.

Noocyada jidhka:

• hal-mugga - minivans (matoorka, gudaha, jirridda ayaa la isku daraa hal qaab dhismeed);
• laba-mugga - hatchback, gaadhi saldhigga, SUV, crossover;
• saddex-mugga - sedan, limousine, roadster, pickup.

Sidoo kale, fasalka baabuurka wuxuu ku xiran yahay dhererka jirka - waxaa jira habab badan oo kala-saarid, kuwa ugu caansan waa kan Yurub:

• "A" - hatchbacks is haysta, sida Chevrolet Spark, Daewoo Matiz;
• "B" - baabuurta yaryar - dhammaan VAZs, Daewoo Lanos, Geely MK;
• "C" - fasalka dhexe - Skoda Octavia, Ford Focus, Mitsubishi Lancer.

Waa hagaag, iyo wixii la mid ah - boggayaga Vodi.su waxaa jira maqaal halkaas oo fasallada lagu sharraxay si faahfaahsan.

Shakhsiyaadka soo saara sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin noocyo u gaar ah oo kala soocida, tusaale ahaan, BMW, Audi, ama Mercedes. Waa ku filan inaad tagto bogga rasmiga ah si loo go'aamiyo farqiga:

• Mercedes A-class - fasalka ugu yar, wuxuu u dhigmaa heerka B sida waafaqsan kala-soocidda Yurub;
• B-class - waxay u dhigantaa C-class;
• C-class (Comfort-Klasse);
• CLA - fasalka miisaanka fudud ee is haysta;
• G, GLA, GLC, GLE, M - Gelendvagen, SUVs iyo SUV class.

Way fududahay in la fahmo kala-soocidda Audi:

• A1-A8 - hatchbacks, gawaarida saldhigyada leh dhererka jirka ee kala duwan;
• Q3, Q5, Q7 - SUVs, isgoysyada;
• TT - wadooyinka, coups;
• R8 waa baabuur isboorti;
• RS - "noocyada la dallacay" oo leh sifooyin farsamo oo la hagaajiyay.

BMW waxay leedahay soocitaan la mid ah:

• Taxanaha 1-7 - baabuurta rakaabka sida hatchback, baabuur boosteejo, sedan;
• X1, X3-X6 - SUV-yada, isdhaafsiga;
• Z4 - wadooyinka, coupes, bedeli kara;
• M-taxane - noocyada "la soo dalacday".

Inta badan iibsadayaasha, gaar ahaan dumarka, waa nooca jirka oo muhiim u ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, shaqada jidhku waa kaliya duubka, iyo faahfaahinta ayaa ah waxa ugu muhiimsan. Aynu tixgelinno kuwa ugu waaweyn.

Mashiinka

Mawduuca waa ballaaran yahay, aan magacowno qodobbada ugu muhiimsan:

• nooca shidaalka - shidaalka, naaftada, gaaska, gaaska-shidaalka, hybrids, baabuurta korontada;
• Tirada dhululubada - saddex-dhululubo ama ka badan (waxaa jira, tusaale ahaan, matoorada 8 iyo 16 dhululubada);
• marka loo eego goobta dhululubada - in-line (dhululubo kaliya ayaa isku xigta), ka soo horjeeda (dhululubo ka soo horjeeda midba midka kale), V-qaabeeya;
• iyadoo la eegayo goobta daboolka hoosteeda - dhererka, leexleexda.

Baabuurta rakaabka ah, matoorada gudaha 3-4-dhululubo leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa dhererka (dhinaca dhaqdhaqaaqa) ama rakibaadda leexleexsan. Haddii aan ka hadleyno gawaarida ama baabuurta ka sarreeya heerka caadiga ah, markaa awoodda waxaa lagu gaaraa iyada oo lagu daro dhululubada.

Intaa waxaa dheer, walxaha muhiimka ah ee matoorku waa nidaamka qaboojinta, kaas oo noqon kara:

• dareere - qaboojinta waxaa lagu sameeyaa antifreeze, antifreeze, biyo cad;
• hawada - tusaale cad oo ah "Zaporozhets", kaas oo matoorku ku yaal dhabarka dambe, hawadana la nuugo mahadnaqa taageeraha, nidaam isku mid ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa mootooyinka;
• isku darka - qaboojinta leh barafka, marawaxa loo isticmaalaa socodka hawo dheeraad ah.

Sidoo kale qodobbo muhiim ah:

• nidaamka duritaanka - carburetor, durduriyaha;
• nidaamka dabka - xidhiidhka (adoo isticmaalaya qaybiyaha), aan la xidhiidhin (Dareemaha Hoolka, beddelka), elektarooniga (habka waxaa gacanta ku haya unug kontorool);
• habka qaybinta gaaska;
• nidaamka sifaynta iyo wixii la mid ah.

Gudbinta

Hawsha ugu weyn ee gudbintu waa in ay ka gudbiso qulqulka matoorka ilaa taayirrada.

Qaybaha gudbinta:

• xajin - isku xira ama kala sooca gudbinta mishiinka;
• gearbox - xulashada habka wadista;
• kartoonka, gudbinta kartoonka - waxay u gudbisaa daqiiqada dhaqdhaqaaqa dhinaca dariiqa wadista;
• kala duwanaansho - qaybinta torque u dhexeeya giraangiraha dabada drive.

Inta badan baabuurta casriga ah waxay isticmaalaan hal-ama laba-disk-xajin qalalan, oo lagu lammaaniyo buug-gacmeedka ama robotic (semi-automatic, preselective) gearbox, ama beddelaha qulqulka - nidaamka hydrostatic kaas oo tamarta matoorka ay dejiso socodka saliidda dhaqdhaqaaqa - gudbinta tooska ah ama CVT (koontarool kala duwan).

Taasi waa uun nooca sanduuqa gearbox ee muhiimka u ah qaar badan. Laga soo bilaabo waayo-aragnimadeena, aynu sheegno in makaaniknimadu ay tahay ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican, maadaama darawalka laftiisa uu doorto habka ugu fiican oo sidaas awgeed uu isticmaalo shidaal yar. Intaa waxaa dheer, gudbinta gacanta waa mid fudud oo raqiis ah in la ilaaliyo. Si toos ah iyo CVT - waxay si weyn u fududeeyaan habka wadista, laakiin haddii ay jebiyaan, ka dibna u diyaari lacag aad u daran.

Gudbinta waxa kale oo ka mid ah fikrad sida nooca wadista:

• hore ama gadaal - daqiiqada wareegga waxay ku dhacdaa hal dhidib;
• buuxa - labada faasas ayaa hogaaminaya, si kastaba ha ahaatee, darawalku wuxuu noqon karaa mid joogto ah ama ku xiran.

Sanduuqa wareejinta waxa loo isticmaalaa in lagu qaybiyo torque on dabada baabuurka. Waxaa lagu rakibay baabuurta dhan-wheel, sida UAZ-469 ama VAZ-2121 Niva.

Sida aad arki karto, baabuurku waa farsamo aad u dhib badan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inta badan, waa ku filan in la awoodo in lagu shaqeeyo oo la sameeyo hawlgallo fudud, sida beddelidda giraangiraha. Dayactirka waxaa ugu wanaagsan in loo daayo xirfadlayaasha.

Fiidiyowga: qalabka iyo xulashada baabuurta

Iibsashada baabuur la isticmaalay - "loogu talagalay dummies"

Soodejinaya…