Kala soocidda iyo magacaabista saliidaha matoorka, index viscosity
Tusmo
Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo saliidda gawaarida ah oo leh cabbiro kala duwan, kuwaas oo si qarsoodi ah loogu calaamadeeyay. Si aad u dooratid saliidda saxda ah ee mishiinka, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad fahamto waxa qarsoon ee ka dambeeya set alphanumeric, nooca loo isticmaalo iyo sifooyinka saliidda.
Laakiin waxaan ku fahmi doonaa wax walba si faahfaahsan in this article.
Waa maxay doorka saliidda ee baabuurka
Shaqada asalka ah ee saliidda matoorka waxay ahayd in lagu subiyo joornaalada crankshaft, ka takhalusida xirashada alaabada, iyo heerkulka hoos u dhaca iyada oo loo baxsanayo dareeraha galay sump engine.
Warshadaha casriga ah ee baabuurta, hawlaha dareeraha matoorku waxay noqdeen kuwo si muuqata u ballaadhan oo ka kooban ayaa isbeddelay hirgelinta hawlo cusub.
Hawlaha aasaasiga ah ee saliidda injiinka:
- ilaalinta qaybo ka mid ah iyo meelaha shaqada ee ka soo horjeeda khilaafka sababtoo ah samaynta filim khafiif ah oo xasilan oo iyaga ah;
- ka hortagga daxalka;
- qaboojinta matoorka iyadoo lagu shubayo dareeraha shaqada gelinaya sump ku yaal xagga hoose ee matoorka;
- ka-saarista qashinka xirashada farsamada ee meelaha khilaafku ka kordhay;
- ka saarista alaabada gubanaysa isku dhafka shidaalka, sida danbas, soodh iyo kuwa kale.
Waxyaabo kala duwan ayaa lagu daraa qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee saliidda injiinka, kuwaas oo ka saari kara wasakhda, ku ilaalin kara filimka lagu sameeyay qaybaha qashinka, iyo qabashada hawlo kale.
Sidee loo kala saaraa saliidaha matoorka
Horumarinta mishiinada waxay doortaan saliidaha mishiinka iyo shuruudaha iyaga, taas oo ku xidhan sifooyinka naqshadaynta iyo xaaladaha hawlgalka.
Waxaad buuxin kartaa dareeraha mootada ee aan asalka ahayn, laakiin iyada oo la tixgelinayo tayada fasalka iyo kooxaha tayada, talooyinka soo saaraha. Saliid aan asal ahayn oo si sax ah loo doortay oo buuxisa dhammaan shuruudaha soo-saareyaashu ma aha aasaas u ah diidmada dayactirka dammaanadda haddii ay dhacdo cillad matoor ah.
SAE
Kala soocida saliidaha matoorada adduunka oo dhan laga aqoonsan yahay waa SAE - gradation viscosity iyadoo ku xiran heerkulka deegaanka ee uu matoorku ku shaqeeyo.
Isbeddellada ku yimaadda heerkulka dibadda, mawjadaha dareeraha shaqada ayaa isbeddela; heerkulka hooseeya, hawlgalka mishiinka ugu fiican, saliiddu waa inay ahaato mid dareere ku filan, iyo heerkulka sare, dhumuc ku filan si loo ilaaliyo injiinka.
Marka loo eego heerarka SAE, saliidaha matoorka ayaa loo qaybiyaa todoba iyo toban fasal laga bilaabo 0W ilaa 60W.
Waxaa ka mid ah siddeed jiilaal (tirooyinka ugu horreeya waa 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10; 15; 20; 25) iyo sagaal hawlgallada xagaaga (2; 5; 7,5; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50) ; 60).
Qaybinta labada lambar ee W waxay tilmaamaysaa isticmaalka dhammaan cimilada ee dareerayaasha matoorka.
Tilmaamaha viscosity-ka ugu caansan Ruushka ee bilawga injiinka qabow (tirooyinka ugu horreeya waa heerkulka) waa:
- 0W ka hooseeya -35 ° C;
- 5W ilaa -30 ° C;
- 10W ilaa -25 ° C;
- 15W ilaa -20 ° C;
- 20W ilaa -15°C.
Tirooyinka labaad ee ugu caansan Ruushka ee tilmaamaya heerkulka ugu sarreeya ee dibadda waa:
- 30 + 25 ° C;
- 40 laga bilaabo +30°C ilaa +45°C (waxay kuxirantahay tirooyinka ugu horeeya – 0W +30°C, at 5W +35°C, at 10W +35°C, at 15W and 20W +45°C).
Xilliga jiilaalka dhexdhexaadka ah oo aan kululayn, waxaa lagu talinayaa in lagu buuxiyo saliid 10W, maadaama ay tahay mid caalami ah, oo ku habboon baabuur badan. Xilliga jiilaalka aadka u qabow, dareere shaqeynaya oo leh index of 0W ama 5W waa in la buuxiyaa.
Matoorada casriga ah ee masaafada aan ka badneyn 50% ee kheyraadka la qorsheeyay waxay u baahan yihiin saliid leh aragti yar.
API
Kala soocidda API waxay tusinaysaa burburka dareerayaasha shaqada ee laba qaybood - "S" ee matoorada shidaalka iyo "C" ee matoorada naaftada. Saliida matoorada ee ku habboon matoorada shidaalka iyo naaftada labadaba, calaamad laba jibaaran oo jajab ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa, tusaale ahaan, SF/CH.
Marka xigta waxay timaaddaa qayb-hoosaadka iyadoo loo eegayo heerka waxqabadka (xaraf labaad). Marka ay sii socoto xarafka labaad ee alifbeetada, ayaa sida wanaagsan saliidaha matoorka u xaqiijiyaan shaqada matoorka waxayna yareeyaan isticmaalka dareeraha qashinka.
Qaybaha saliida mishiinka ee matoorada shidaalka tayada iyadoo ku xidhan sanadka soosaarka:
- SN ee matoorada baabuurta casriga ah oo leh heer deegaan oo sarreeya iyo badbaadinta tamarta;
- SM ilaa 2004;
- SL ilaa 2000;
- SJ с 1996 г.в .;
- SH ilaa 1993kii
Saliidaha heerka SN ayaa lagula talinayaa in la beddelo kuwii hore.
Qeybaha dareerayaasha matoorada ee matoorada naaftada iyadoo la eegayo tayada iyadoo ku xiran sanadka la soo saaray:
- CJ ilaa 2006, si loo hubiyo ilaalinta ugu badan ee deegaanka ee qiiqa waxyeelada leh ee gala jawiga;
- CL ilaa 2002, iyada oo la tixgelinayo heerarka deegaanka ee 2002, iyo dhamaadka PLUS la soo bandhigay 2004 iyada oo la kordhiyo shuruudaha deegaanka 2004;
- CH ilaa 1998, si loogu shaqeeyo xawaare sare, iyada oo la tixgelinayo heerarka deegaanka ee 1998;
- CG ilaa 1995, xaaladaha shaqada ee culeysyada kordhay iyo hababka xawaaraha sare;
- CF-2 ee matoorada aan si toos ah loogu duro laga bilaabo 1994 wixii ka dambeeyay, CF-4 laga bilaabo 1990 wixii ka dambeeyay. matoorada ku shaqeeya hababka xawaaraha sare leh;
- CE ilaa 1993 xaaladaha shaqada ee culeysyo badan.
Nambarka 2 ama 4 ee dhexda dhexda ayaa tilmaamaya matoorka laba-stroke ama afar-stroke. Dhammaan baabuurta casriga ah waxay leeyihiin mishiin afar-stroke ah.
Dheecaannada mootada ee fasallada SM iyo SN waxay ku habboon yihiin matoorada turbocharged.
TAAS
Kala soocida ACEA waa analooga Yurub ee API.
Daabacaadkii ugu dambeeyay ee 2012, saliidaha injiinka waxaa loo qaybiyaa qaybo:
- A/B ee batroolka (A) iyo naaftada (B) matoorada;
- C ee naaftada iyo matoorada shidaalka oo leh heer deegaan oo kordhay iyo joogitaanka filtarrada qaybsan iyo beddelayaasha kicinta;
- E ee matoorada naaftada ee baabuurta culus.
Fasalada iyo sifooyinka muhiimka ah sida waafaqsan daabacaadda ugu dambeysay:
- A1/B1 waxaa loogu talagalay in loogu isticmaalo gaaska iyo matoorada naaftada ee baabuurta rakaabka, dhexda biyo-mareenka la dheereeyey, iskudhafan hoose ee is jiid jiid;
- A3/B3 waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo shidaalka aadka loo dedejiyey iyo matoorada naaftada ee baabuurta rakaabka, dhexda dheecaan dheer, xaaladaha shaqada daran, dhammaan-cimilada;
- A3/B4 waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo shidaalka aadka loo dedejiyey iyo matoorada naaftada, dhaqaalaha shidaalka;
- A5/B5 waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu isticmaalo shidaalka aadka u raran iyo matoorada naaftada ee baabuurta rakaabka, muddo dheer oo beddelka;
- C1 iyo C2 waxaa lagu shubay naaftada aadka loo dardargeliyay iyo mishiinnada shidaalka ee baabuurta rakaabka, qalabaysan filtarrada particulate iyo beddelayaasha saddex-way, iskudar hoose ee khilaaf, dhaqaalaha shidaalka iyo kordhinta nolosha filtarrada particulate iyo kicinta, ku kala duwan yihiin in content ee lagu daro kala duwan. ;
- C3 iyo C4 waxaa loogu talagalay naaftada aadka loo dardargeliyay iyo mishiinnada gaaska ee baabuurta rakaabka, oo ku qalabaysan filtarrada qayb ka ah iyo beddelayaasha saddex-geesoodka ah, waxay kordhiyaan nolosha shaandhada qaybiyaha iyo kicinta, waxay ku kala duwan yihiin qaddarka wax lagu daro;
- E6 waxaa loogu talagalay matoorada naaftada culus ee baabuurta xamuulka ah, oo ay ku qalabaysan yihiin filtarrada iyo beddelayaasha, muddada beddelka ee la dheereeyey;
- E7 waxaa loogu talagalay matoorada naaftada ee baabuurta xamuulka ah ee ku shaqeeya xaaladaha daran, oo ay ku qalabaysan yihiin hababka dib-u-wareejinta oo leh beddelayaasha, iyada oo aan lahayn shaandhooyin qaybo yaryar, muddada beddelka dheer;
- E9 waxaa loogu talagalay matoorada naaftada ugu casrisan oo leh culeys kordhay iyo shuruudaha deegaanka ee ugu adag, labadaba leh iyo la'aan shaandheyn qaybeed, muddo dheer oo beddelaad ah.
ILSAC
Kala-soocidda saliidda injiinka ILSAC waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu caddeeyo oo la shatiyeeyo dareeraha shaqada ee matoorada baabuurta rakaabka ee laga soo saaray USA iyo Japan.
Tilmaamaha dareeraha mishiinka sida waafaqsan kala soocidda ILSAC:
- badbaadinta tamarta;
- isticmaalka shidaalka oo yaraada;
- viscosity hoose;
- iska caabinta xumbo;
- isbeddel hoose;
- ka ilaalinta xidhidhiyeyaasha beddelayaasha catalytic sababtoo ah maadada fosfooraska oo yar.
Fasalada tayada leh iyo sanadka hordhaca:
- GF-1 darajo duugowday, oo u dhiganta API SH, marka la eego tusmada viscosity SAE 0W, 5W, 10W ee nambarada labaad 30, 40, 50, 60;
- GF-2 ilaa 1996, oo u dhiganta API SJ, marka loo eego tusmada viscosity SAE 0W, 5W, 10W oo leh tirooyinka labaad 20, 30, 40, 50, 60;
- GF-3 tan iyo 2001, oo u dhiganta API SL, farqiga u dhexeeya GF-2 iyo API SJ ayaa la wanaajiyay waxqabadka ka hortagga xirashada iyo anti-oxidation iyo cabbirrada tamarta tamarta;
- GF-4 ilaa 2004 oo u dhiganta API SM oo leh waxqabad tamar tayo leh iyo hagaajinta nadiifinta iyo guryaha antioxidant, marka loo eego tusmooyinka SAE - 0W-20, 0W-30, 5W-20, 5W-30, 10W-30, oo ku habboon beddelayaasha catalytic;
- GF-5 tan iyo 2010 way ka duwan tahay GF-4 kor u kaca waxtarka tamarta iyo guryaha ka-hortagga xirashada iyo waafaqid dhammaan nidaamyada ilaalinta deegaanka.
GOST
Kala soocida saliidaha engine sida waafaqsan GOST 17479.1 ayaa markii hore lagu ansixiyay USSR ee 1985, laakiin iyadoo la tixgelinayo isbeddelka warshadaha baabuurta iyo shuruudaha deegaanka, dib u eegis ugu dambeeyay waxay ahayd 2015.
Kala-saarista saliidaha mashiinka sida waafaqsan GOST si waafaqsan shuruudaha caalamiga ah
Iyada oo ku xidhan goobta codsiga, saliidaha mishiinku waxay u qaybsan yihiin kooxo A ilaa E.
Sida loo doorto saliidda injiinka saxda ah
Soosaarayaasha baabuurtu waxay tilmaamayaan saliidda injiinka ee lagu taliyey iyo dulqaadkeeda tilmaamaha hawlgalka. Waa suurtogal in la doorto saliid si waafaqsan shuruudo isku mid ah, iyadoo lagu sii jiro dammaanadda. Iyada oo hab karti u leh doorashada saliidda, sifooyinka saliidda aan asalka ahayn ma noqon doonaan kuwo ka hooseeya kan asalka ah, xaaladaha qaarkoodna way dhaafaan.
Daawo muuqaalkan Youtube-ka
Saliida waa in lagu doortaa iyadoo loo eegayo SAE (viscosity) iyo API (nooca injiinka iyo sanadka wax soo saarka). Dulqaadyada lagu taliyay ee kala soocidaan waa in lagu qeexaa tilmaamaha.
Talooyin ku saabsan xulashada saliidda matoorka iyadoo la eegayo viscosity:
- masaafo baabuur oo aan ka badnayn 25% ee kheyraadka la ballan qaaday (matoorka cusub), waxaa looga baahan yahay in lagu buuxiyo SAE 10W-40 ama 5W-40 saliidda baabuurta, iyadoon loo eegin xilliga;
- mashiinka dhawaaqa farsamada (mayl 26-74% ee kheyraadka la ballanqaaday), waxaa lagu talinayaa in lagu buuxiyo saliidda gawaarida leh viscosity 10W-40, 15W-40 - xilliga diiran, oo leh viscosity of 5W-30; 10W-30 - xilliga qaboobaha, iyadoon loo eegin xilliga - 5W-40;
- In engine jir (mayl ka badan 76% ee kheyraadka yaboohay), waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la buuxiyo saliid motor leh viscosity of 15W-40, 20W-40 - xilli diiran, iyo 5W-40, 10W-40 - xilliga jiilaalka, iyadoon loo eegin xilliga - 5W-40.
Marka loo eego kala soocidda API, dareerayaasha matoorada waa in lagu doortaa fasalka SM ama SN matoorada shidaalka casriga ah, matoorada naaftada aan ka hooseynin CL-4 PLUS ama CJ-4 baabuurta leh EURO-4 iyo EURO-5 fasalada deegaanka.
Maxaa saameeya doorashada khaldan ee saliidda injiinka
Saliida injiinka ee si khaldan loo xushay xaaladaha qaarkood waxa ay halis ugu jirtaa in ay dhibaato wayn ku keento mishiinka.
Saliida matoorka ee been abuurka ah ama tayadeedu hoosayso waxay u horseedi kartaa, marka ugu xun, qalalka mishiinka, iyo sida ugu fiican, korodhka muuqda ee isticmaalka saliidda iyo madowgiisa ugu yaraan masaafada, samaynta kaydka mishiinka iyo in la yareeyo masaafada engine ee la qorsheeyay. .
Haddii aad ku buuxisid mishiinka saliid leh viscosity ka hooseeya inta lagu taliyey soo saaraha, tani waxay keeni kartaa korodhka isticmaalka saliidda mishiinka, sababtoo ah xaqiiqda ah in ay ku sii jiri doonto darbiyada iyo kordhinta qashinka. Haddii viscosity ee saliidda uu ka sarreeyo inta lagu taliyey soo saaraha, ka dibna xirashada siddooyinka xoqitaanka saliidda ayaa kordhin doona sababtoo ah sameynta filim dhumuc weyn leh oo ku yaal meelaha shaqada.
Xulashada saxda ah iyo iibsashada saliidda mishiinka tayada sare leh waxay u oggolaanaysaa matoorku inuu soo baxo wax aan ka yarayn kheyraadka ay dejiyeen soo-saarayaashu.