Dagaallada ciidamada badda ee Guadalcanal qaybta 2
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Dagaallada ciidamada badda ee Guadalcanal qaybta 2

27.07.2022 /

Mid ka mid ah maraakiibta dagaalka ee Maraykanka ee cusub, USS Washington, ayaa ku guulaystay markab dagaal ee Jabbaan Kirishima ee dagaalkii labaad ee Guadalcanal bishii November 15, 1942.

Ka dib markii la qabsaday garoonka diyaaradaha ee Guadalcanal, ciidamada Marines-ka Mareykanka ayaa xoojiyay hareeraheeda, iyaga oo aan haysan ciidan ku filan iyo hab ay ku qabtaan jasiiradda. Ka dib markii maraakiibta Maraykanku u baxeen koonfur-bari, Marines-ka ayaa laga tagay keligood. Xaaladdan oo kale, labada dhinacba waxay sameeyeen isku dayo ay ku xoojinayaan ciidamadooda ku sugan jasiiradda, taas oo keentay dagaallo baddan oo dhowr ah. Waxay ku dagaalameen nasiib kala duwan, laakiin ugu dambeyntii halgankii daba dheeraaday wuxuu noqday mid faa'iido badan u leh Maraykanka. Maaha wax ku saabsan dheelitirka khasaaraha, waxay ku saabsan tahay ka hortagga Guadalcanal in ay lumiso Japan mar kale. Ciidanka badda ayaa kaalin weyn ka qaatay arrintan.

Marka Kontradm uu dhoofo. Turner, Marines ayaa keligood looga tagay Guadalcanal. Dhibaatada ugu weyn ee wakhtigaas waxay ahayd awood la'aan ah in la dejiyo 155 mm howitzer squadron ee guutada 11-aad ee Marine (Artillery) iyo qoryaha 127 mm ee xeebta ee Qeybta 3aad ee Difaaca. Hadda mid ka mid ah hawlaha ugu horreeya waxay ahayd in la sameeyo meel deggan oo ku wareegsan garoonka diyaaradaha (oo ku yaal meel qiyaastii 9 km ballac ah) iyo in madaarku uu shaqeeyo. Fikradda waxay ahayd in la dhigo ciidan hawada jasiiradda taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aan suurtagal ahayn in la xoojiyo garrison-ka Japan oo ay daboosho gaadiidkooda saadka ee jidka Guadalcanal.

Ka-hortagga mustaqbalka ciidamada cirka Mareykanka ee jasiiradda (waxa loogu yeero Ciidanka Cirka ee Cactus, tan iyo markii Mareykanku loo yaqaan Guadalcanal "Cactus") wuxuu ahaa saldhigga ciidamada badda ee Japan ee aagga Rabaul ee New Britain. Ka dib weerarkii Mareykanka ee Guadalcanal, Jabaanku waxay xireen 25-kii Air Flotilla ee Rabaul, taas oo lagu beddelayo 26-aad ee Flotilla. Imaanshiyaha dambe ka dib, waxa loola dhaqmay sidii xoojin intii la isdhiibin lahaa. Halabuurka diyaaradda Rabaul ayaa isbeddelay, laakiin Oktoobar 1942, tusaale ahaan, halabuurka ayaa ahaa sida soo socota:

  • 11. duulista hawada, ku xigeenka adm. Nishizo Tsukahara, Rabaul;
  • 25th Air Flotilla (Taliyaha Loft Sadayoshi Hamada): Kooxda Tainan Air - 50 Zero 21, Kooxda Hawada Tōkō - 6 B5N Kate, Kooxda Hawada 2aad - 8 Zero 32, 7 D3A Val;
  • 26th Air Flotilla (Vice Admiral Yamagata Seigo): Kooxda Misawa Air - 45 G4M Betty, 6th Air Group - 28 Zero 32, 31st Air Group - 6 D3A Val, 3 G3M Nell;
  • 21. Air Flotilla (Rinosuke Ichimaru): 751. Air Group - 18 G4M Betty, Yokohama Air Group - 8 H6K Mavis, 3 H8K Emily, 12 A6M2-N Rufe.

Ciidamada Ground Japan ee Imperial ee faragelin kara Guadalcanal waa Ciidanka 17-aad ee hoos yimaada taliska Sareeye Guud Harukichi Hyakutake. General Hyakutake, isagoo weli ah Kornayl sare, wuxuu ahaa u qeybsanaha ciidamada Japan ee Warsaw 1925-1927. Ka dib waxa uu ka soo shaqeeyay Ciidanka Kwantung ka dibna waxa uu jagooyin kala duwan ka soo qabtay Japan. Sannadkii 1942-kii, Taliskii Ciidankiisii ​​17aad wuxuu ku sugnaa Rabaul. Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay Qeybta 2-aad ee Sendai Infantry ee Filibiin iyo Java, Qeybta 38-aad ee Nagoya Infantry ee Sumatra iyo Borneo, Guutada 35-aad ee Infantry ee Palau, iyo Guutada 28-aad ee Infantry (oo ka socota Qeybta 7-aad ee Lugta) ee Truk. . Ka dib, Ciidan cusub oo 18aad ah ayaa loo sameeyay hawlgallada New Guinea.

Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto ayaa sidoo kale bilaabay inuu uruuriyo ciidamo si uu u farageliyo aagga Solomon. Marka hore, Kooxda 2aad waxaa loo diray New Britain iyadoo uu amar ku bixiyay Vice Adm. Nobutake Kondo, oo ka kooban 4th Cruiser Squadron (calanka culus ee Atago iyo mataanaha Takao iyo Maya) oo hoos yimaada amarka tooska ah ee ku xigeenka admiral. Kondo iyo Kooxda 5aad ee Cruiser Squadron (badmaalayaasha culus ee Myoko iyo Haguro) ee hoos yimaada amarka ku xigeenka Adm. Qaado Takagi. Shanta markab ee culculus ayaa waxaa la socday Burburiyaha 4-aad ee Flotilla oo ka amar qaata Kontrrad. Tamotsu Takama oo saaran markab fudud oo lagu magacaabo Yura. Flotilla waxaa ka mid ahaa burburiyayaashii Kuroshio, Oyashio, Hayashio, Minegumo, Natsugumo iyo Asagumo. Qaadida diyaaradda badda Chitose ayaa lagu daray kooxda. Dhammaan kuwan waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay "amar hore".

Halkii xoogga la isugu geyn lahaa ciidamada badda hal koox oo xooggan, ama kooxo ka shaqeeya xiriir dhow oo u dhow, adm. Yamamoto waxa uu u kala qaybiyey dhawr kooxood oo xeelado ah, kuwaas oo la rabay in ay si madaxbanaan u shaqeeyaan, iyaga oo kala fogaanaya midba midka kale. Kala qaybsanaantu kama shaqayn badda Coral, kama shaqayn Midway, kama shaqayn Guadalcanal. Xagee ka imanaysaa ku-xidhnaanta noocaas ah ee caqiidada soo jireenka ah ee kala firdhinta ciidamada cadowga? Malaha waxaa sabab u ah taliyayaasha hadda joogaa in ay dalacsiiyeen ka hor dagaalka oo ay ku qanciyeen madaxda iyo kuwa ka hooseeyaba in ay raacaan. Hadda ma qiran doonaan inay qaldanaayeen? Kooxdan ayaa loo qaybiyey qaybo si ay cadowga u "jahwariyaan" oo ay u weeciyaan ciidamadooda, iyadoo xeeladaha noocaas ah ay ka dhigan tahay in amarrada shakhsi ahaaneed si fudud loo burburin karo weerarrada xiga.

Sababtaas awgeed, marka lagu daro "kooxda sare", "koox hore" oo hoos yimaada taliska weerarka (oo loo yaqaan "Kido Butai") ayaa laga qoondeeyay xoogga ugu muhiimsan. Hiroaki Abe. Ubucda amarkani waxa uu ka koobnaa laba markab oo dagaal ah, Hiei (calanka) iyo Kirishima, oo uu weheliyo markabkii xamuulka qaada ee Chikuma ee Cruiser Squadron 8. Kooxdan ayaa sidoo kale waxaa ku jiray 7-aad Cruiser Squadron, kaas oo uu amray raadka danbe. Shoji Nishimura oo wata maraakiibta culus ee Kumano iyo Suzuya iyo Burburiyaha 10aad ee Flotilla ee hoos yimaada amarka Counterrad. Susumu Kimura: Nagara markab fudud iyo wax burburiya Nowaki, Maikaze iyo Tanikaze.

Ciidamada ugu waaweyn ee Kido Butai oo ka amar qaata Vice Adm. Chuichi Nagumo waxaa ka mid ahaa Fleet 3aad ee hoos yimaada amarkiisa tooska ah: diyaaradaha xamuulka qaada ee Shokaku iyo Zuikaku, duuliyaha diyaaradaha fudud ee Ryujo, inta soo hartay ee 8-aad ee Cruiser Squadron - cruiser-carrier Tone iyo burburiyayaal (inta soo hartay 10-aad flotilla): " Kazagumo", "Yugumo", "Akigumigumo". , Kamigumigumo Hatsukaze, Akizuki, Amatsukaze iyo Tokitsukaze. Waxaa jiray laba kooxood oo kale, "kooxda taageerada" ee markabka dagaalka "Mutsu" ee hoos yimaada amarka Captain Mutsu, Com. Teijiro Yamazumi, oo ay sidoo kale ku jireen saddex burburiye Harusame, Samidare iyo Murasame, iyo sidoo kale "koox kayd ah" oo hoos yimaada amarka gaarka ah ee Adm. Isoroku Yamamoto, oo ka kooban markab dagaal ee Yamato, duuliyaha diyaaradaha ee Junyō, side Taiyo iyo laba burburiye Akebono iyo Ushio.

Diyaarad siday Junyō ​​​​waxaa la sameeyay iyadoo dib u dhis lagu sameeyay markabka rakaabka ee Kashiwara Maru ka hor inta aan la dhameystirin. Sidoo kale, markabka xamuulka qaada ee Hiy ayaa lagu dhisay dusha sare ee markabka walaasheed, Izumo Maru, oo sidoo kale laga soo iibsaday intii lagu jiray dhismaha mulkiilaha markabka Nippon Yusen Kaisha. Sababtoo ah cutubyadani waxay ahaayeen kuwo aad u gaabis ah (in ka yar qarnigii 26aad), looma tixgalin inay yihiin sidayaal diyaaradeed, in kasta oo ay aad ugu weyn yihiin xambaarayaasha dayuuradaha fudud (oo barakiciyey in ka badan 24 oo tan).

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, tani maahan dhammaan, sababtoo ah hawsha gaarsiinta kolonyada oo leh xoojin iyo sahayda Guadalcanal ayaa loo wakiishay koox kale - 8th Fleet ee hoos yimaada amarka Vice Adm. Gunichi Mikawa. Waxay ka koobnayd si toos ah markabka culus ee Chōkai iyo 6-aad Cruiser Squadron ee hoos yimaada amarka Counterrad. Aritomo Goto oo wata doonyaha culus ee Aoba, Kinugasa iyo Furutaka. Waxa daboolay burburiyayaashii 2aad ee Flotilla oo hoos imanaya amarka Counterrad. Raizō Tanaka oo wata markab-xariifeedka Jintsu iyo burburiyayaashii Suzukaze, Kawakaze, Umikaze, Isokaze, Yayoi, Mutsuki iyo Uzuki. Ciidankan waxaa ku biiray afar markab oo roondo ah (Nos. 1, 2, 34 and 35), kuwaas oo dib loo dhisay burburiyayaashii hore, oo midkiiba wata laba qori oo 120 mm ah iyo laba qori oo lidka diyaaradaha ah iyo dhibco qoto dheer.

Kani waa ku-xigeenka 8-aad ee Admiral-ka Fleet. Mikawi waxaa loo wakiishay in uu geeyo Guadalcanal guutada 28-aad ee ciidanka lugta ee hoos timaada taliska Colonel F. Kiyonao Ichika. Ciidanku wuxuu u qaybsamay laba qaybood. Qayb gaar ah oo ka kooban 916 sarkaal iyo askar Kornayl V. Ichiki, oo uu hogaaminayey Colonel V. Ichiki, ayaa la rabay in ay qaadaan lix wax burburiya oo mugdi ku jira: Kagero, Hagikaze, Arashi, Tanikaze, Hamakaze iyo Urakaze. Dhanka kale, inta ka hartay ciidanka (ilaa 700 oo nin iyo inta badan qalabka culculus) ayaa lagu waday in Guadalcanal loo qaado laba gaadiid oo kala ah, Boston Maru iyo Daifuku Maru, oo ay la socdaan markabka iftiinka ah ee Jintsu iyo laba roondo ah, Nos. 34 iyo 35. Gaadiidkii saddexaad, Kinryu Maru, waxaa siday ku dhawaad ​​800 oo askari oo ka socday qaybta 5-aad ee ciidamada badda ee Yokosuka. Wadarta 2400 oo qof ayaa loo wareejiyay Guadalcanal oo ka yimid Jasiiradda Truk, waxaana Kooxda 8-aad ay u raacday galbin masaafo dheer ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaan kooxaha maamulka. Yamamoto waxay ahayd in ay bixiso dabool dheeraad ah halka taliyaha Japan uu rajeynayay in uu Maraykanku u soo jiido dagaal kale oo weyn oo uu dib ugu soo celiyo meel ka baxsan Midway.

Ciidamada Adm Yamamotas waxay ka tageen Japan Agoosto 13, 1942. Wax yar ka dib, gaadiid ayaa ka ambabaxay Truk si uu isugu dubbarido dhammaan hawlgalka, kaas oo Jabbaanku u yaqaan "Operation Ka."

Hawlgalka Ka fashilka

Agoosto 15, 1942, gaadiidka saadka Mareykanka ayaa yimid Guadalcanal markii ugu horeysay tan iyo markii la soo degay. Run ahaantii, kaliya afar burburiye ayaa loo beddelay gaadiid: USS Colhoun, USS Little, USS Gregory iyo USS McKean, laakiin waxay keeneen agabkii ugu horreeyay ee loo baahnaa si loo dhiso garoonka diyaaradaha ee Lunga Point (Henderson Field). Waxaa jiray 400 oo fuusto oo shidaal ah, 32 foosto oo saliid ah, 282 bambooyin oo miisaankoodu yahay 45-227 kg, agabka spare-ka iyo agabka adeega.

Hal maalin ka dib, Oite hore ee Jabbaan wuxuu siiyay 113 askari iyo sahayda ciidamada Japan ee jasiiradda, oo ka kooban inta badan kaaliyeyaasha badda, ciidamada dhismaha, iyo tiro badan oo addoommo Kuuriya ah, kuwaas oo aan loo tixgelin karin inay yihiin difaacayaasha jasiiradda. Mariniska Japan, oo ay ku jiraan hadhaagii kooxdii 3aad ee Marine Kure iyo canaasiirta cusub ee kooxda 5aad ee Marine Yokosuka, ayaa la dhigay dhinaca galbeed ee xeebta Maraykanka ee Henderson Field. Ciidamada dhulka Japan, liddi ku ah, waxay isku adkeeyeen bari ee biriijka.

19-kii Agoosto, saddex burburiye oo Jabbaan ah, Kagero, Hagikaze, iyo Arashi, ayaa rasaas ku furay Marines-ka Maraykanka, Maraykankuna wax jawaab ah kama helin. Qoryaha qorshuhu yahay ee 127mm ee qoryaha xeebta ayaan weli la helin. Ka dib waxaa yimid hal kursi oo B-17 ah oo ka yimid Kooxda 11aad ee Bomb ee Espiritu Santo, oo uu tijaabiyey Maj. J. James Edmundson. Ka kaliya ee hadda diyaar u ah inuu duulo. Waxa uu bambooyin isdaba joog ah ku soo tuuray burburiyeyaashii Jabbaan, isagoo ka soo kacay joog dhan 1500 mitir, waxaana yaab leh, in mid ka mid ah bambooyinkan uu ku dhacay! Burburiyaha Hagikaze ayaa lagu dhuftay qeybta dambe ee batteriga weyn

cal. 127 mm bam - 227 kg.

Bambadu waxa ay burburisay dabada, waxa ay daadisay saanaddii rasaasta dambe, waxa ay burburisay rukunka iyo jabtay mid ka mid ah maraqyada, taas oo hoos u dhigtay xawaaraha burburiyaha oo gaadhay 6 V. 33 dhimasho ah iyo 13 dhaawac ah, Hagikaze waxa uu Carashi u galbiyay Truk, halkaas oo lagu dayactiray. Rasaastii ayaa joogsatay. Major Edmundson waxa uu si hoose ugu socday xeebta Henderson Field waxa uuna macsalaameeyay farxada ciidamada badda.

20kii Agoosto, diyaaraddii ugu horreysay waxay timid Henderson Field: 19 F4F Wildcats oo ka timid VMF-223, oo uu amray Capt. F. John L. Smith, iyo 12 SBD Dauntless oo ka yimid VMSB-232, oo uu amray Maj. Richard S. Mangrum. Diyaaradan ayaa ka soo kacday USS Long Island (CVE-1), oo ah markabkii ugu horeeyay ee America. Habeenkaas, weerar ay soo qaadeen ilaa 850 askari oo Jabbaan ah oo uu taliye u ahaa Colonel S. Ichiki ayaa waxaa iska caabiyay burburkii gebi ahaanba ka soo gaaray ciidamada Japan. 916 ka mid ah askarta guutada 28-aad ee la qarxiyay waxaa nool 128 qof oo kaliya.

Dhanka kale, maraakiibta Japan ayaa ku soo dhawaaday Guadalcanal. 20-kii Agoosto, doon duuleysa oo Jabbaan ah ayaa aragtay USS Long Island waxayna u qalday markab diyaaradeed oo ah maraakiibta Mareykanka ugu weyn. Kolanyo saddex markab ah oo la xoojiyay ayaa hogaaminayay weerar rogaal celis ah oo ay hogaaminayeen ciidamada Japan. Raizo Tanaka ayaa lagu amray in uu u leexdo dhanka waqooyi si uu u keeno markabka xamuulka qaada ee Maraykanka meel u jirta saldhiga ciidanka cirka ee Rabaul. Laga soo bilaabo koonfur-bari, dhanka kale, kolonyo sahay Mareykan ah oo wata maraakiibta USS Fomalhaut (AKA-5) iyo USS Alhena (AKA-9) oo si toos ah ula socda burburiyeyaasha USS Blue (DD-387), USS Henley (DD- 391). ) iyo USS Helm waxay ku soo dhawaadeen Guadalcanal (DD-388). Si kastaba ha ahaatee, arrinta ugu muhiimsan ayaa ah in daboolka xorta ah ee kolonyada uu ka kooban yahay saddex kooxood oo shaqo joojin ah oo hoos yimaada taliska guud ee Vice Adm. Frank "Jack" Fletcher.

Wuxuu amar ku bixiyay USS Saratoga (CV-3), Task Force 11 side 28 F4Fs (VF-5), 33 SBDs (VB-3 iyo VS-3), iyo 13 TBF Avengers (VT-8). Siday diyaarada waxaa la socday maraakiibta culus ee USS Minneapolis (CA-36) iyo USS New Orleans (CA-32) iyo burburiyayaashii USS Phelps (DD-360), USS Farragut (DD-348), USS Worden (DD-352) ). , USS Macdonough (DD-351) iyo USS Dale (DD-353).

Kooxda labaad ee Task Force 16 ee hoos timaada taliska Counterradm. Thomas C. Kincaid waxaa lagu abaabulay agagaarka markabka USS Enterprise (CV-6). Saarkii waxa saarnaa 29 F4F (VF-6), 35 SBD (VB-6, VS-5) iyo 16 TBF (VT-3). TF-16 waxaa daboolay: markab dagaal oo cusub USS North Carolina (BB-55), markabka culus ee USS Portland (CA-33), markabkii lidka diyaaradaha USS Atlanta (CL-51) iyo burburiyayaashii USS Balch (DD- 363), USS Maury (DD-401), USS Ellet (DD-398), USS Benham (DD-397), USS Grayson (DD-435) iyo USS Monssen (DD-436).

Kooxda saddexaad ee Task Force 18 ee hoos timaada taliska Counterrad. Lee H. Noyes waxaa lagu abaabulay agagaarka markabka USS Wasp (CV-7). Waxay siday 25 F4Fs (VF-71), 27 SBDs (VS-71 iyo VS-72), 10 TBFs (VT-7) iyo hal J2F Duck sabayn. Ilaalada waxaa qaaday maraakiibta culus ee USS San Francisco (CA-38) iyo USS Salt Lake City (CA-25), markabka lidka diyaaradaha ee USS Juneau (CL-52) iyo burburiyaha USS Farenholt (DD-491). USS Haaruun. Ward (DD-483), USS Buchanan (DD-484), USS Lang (DD-399), USS Stack (DD-406), USS Sterett (DD-407) iyo USS Selfridge (DD-357).

Intaa waxaa dheer, diyaaradaha dhowaan yimid waxay ku yaalliin Gaudalcanal, Kooxda 11-aad ee Bomb (25 B-17E/F) iyo 33 PBY-5 Catalinas oo leh VP-11, VP-14, VP-23 iyo VP-72 ayaa la dejiyay Espiritu. . Santo.

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