Sharaxaad ka-hortagga barafka G11, G12 iyo G13

Dareeraha farsamada ee loo isticmaalo in lagu qaboojiyo mishiinka baabuurka waxaa loo yaqaannaa antifreezes. Dhammaantood waxay leeyihiin barta qaboojinta oo aad u hooseeya waxaana loo isticmaalaa nidaamka qaboojinta baabuurka. Waa in maskaxda lagu hayaa in ay isku mid yihiin halabuurka, laakiin waxaa jira qaar ka mid ah nuances ee tignoolajiyada wax soo saarkooda, dalal kala duwan ayaa soo saaray tilmaamo u gaar ah qaboojiyeyaasha. Daawada ugu caansan ee Volkswagen G11, G12 iyo G13 auto walaac. Waxaan si faahfaahsan u falanqeyn doonaa sifooyinka iyo isticmaalka dareerayaashan iyo isticmaalkooda kartida leh si aan gaariga uga ilaalinno inta ugu badan ee suurtogalka ah burburka lama filaanka ah.

Noocyada nooca G

Dhammaan antifreezes-ku waxay ka kooban yihiin qiyaastii 90% ethylene glycol ama propylene glycol. Waxay sidoo kale ku daraan qiyaastii 7% daroogo iyo walxo leh anti-xumbada iyo sifooyinka cavitation-ka. Waxyaabaha lagu daro waxay leeyihiin saldhigyo kiimiko oo kala duwan. Qaar ka mid ah waxaa laga sameeyaa cusbada acids inorganic, sida silicates, nitrites, phosphates. Kuwo kale, oo ka kooban kiimiko, waxay ka kooban yihiin organic iyo karboksylic acids. Sidoo kale, adduunka casriga ah, waxyaabaha lagu daro ee isku dhafka ah ee cusbada organic iyo inorganic acids ayaa soo muuqday. Si loo go'aamiyo farqiga u dhexeeya iyaga, waxaa loo qaybiyay afar nooc: dhaqameed, karboksylate, hybrid, lobrid.

Tan iyo markii la soo bandhigay antifreeze-kii ugu horreeyay ee G11 ee Volkswagen ee 1984, tignoolajiyada ayaa horay u socotay, taasna mahaddeeda leh, astaanta G12 antifreeze ayaa soo muuqatay iyo 2012, iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay dagaalka deegaanka, G13 antifreeze ayaa laga sii daayay alaabada deegaanka u fiican.

Ka-hortagga-barafka G11 ee ugu horreeya, sida Tosol, waxa iska leh barafka-dhaqameedyada. Waxay u isticmaalaan xeryahooda inorganic sida lagu daro: silicates, phosphates, borates, nitrites, Nitrate, amines, kuwaas oo ka samaysan lakabka ilaalinta iyo ka hortagga daxalka. Filimka difaaca ee uu sameeyo waxa uu u janjeeraa in uu burburo muddo ka dib, isaga oo isu rogaya xabag adag kaas oo xidha kanaalada dareeraha ah una horseeda waxyeelo soo gaadho hiitarka ama bamka. Nolosha shelf ee dareerayaashani ma aha mid dheer, waxay u adeegaan wax ka badan laba, saddex sano. Lakabka difaaca ee ay sameeyaan waxay waxyeeleeyaan wareejinta kulaylka, taas oo horseedaysa xadgudub ku ah dheelitirka heerkulka, sidaas darteed, 1996, calaamad G12 waxay u muuqatay waxyaabo lagu daro organic iyo karboksylic acids.

Mabda'a xakameynta daxalka ee G12 antifreezes waxay ku saleysan tahay saameynta tooska ah ee aagga daxalka. Waxyaabaha lagu daro organic iyo karboksylic acids ma sameeyaan filim ilaalin ah oogada nidaamka, laakiin waxay si toos ah u dhaqmaan diiradda soo baxday, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in aysan ilaalin nidaamka, laakiin kaliya waxay gacan ka geystaan ​​​​daawaynta dhibaatada horay loo sameeyay. . Nolosha adeeg ee barafka sidaan oo kale ah waa saddex ilaa shan sano.

In G12 + antifreeze, saarayaasha ayaa go'aansaday in la baabi'iyo la'aanta ilaalinta engine iyo go'aansadeen in ay isku daraan sifooyinka silicate iyo karboksylate teknoolajiyada, abuurista isku dar ah oo isku-dhafka ah, kaas oo marka lagu daro asiidh-carboxylic, oo ku saabsan 5% daro organic. Wadamo kala duwani waxay isticmaalaan maaddooyin kala duwan: nitrites, phosphates ama silicates.

Sannadkii 2008, waxaa soo muuqday fasalka G12 ++ antifreezes, Thanks to formula hagaajinta, waxay isku daraysaa dhammaan faa'iidooyinka organic iyo inorganic acids. Ilaalinta daxalka ee nidaamka qaboojinta, derbiyada mishiinka, iyada oo aad u sareysa.

Tignoolajiyada hore ayay u dhaqaaqday oo qaboojiyeyaasha ethylene glycol waxaa lagu beddelay qaboojiyeyaasha propylene glycol, oo ku salaysan deegaan ahaan. Antifreeze G13, sida G12 ++, waxay ka tirsan tahay nooca lobrid, waxay ka kooban tahay aalkolada propylene glycol iyo macdanta macdanta, taas oo ay ugu mahadcelinayaan shaqada saliidda iyo ka hortagga daxalka, ha ku kicin saameynta heerkulka hooseeya waxayna leeyihiin heerar sare. barta karkarinta, si xun ha u saameynin qaybo ka samaysan caag iyo polymers.

Dhammaan noocyada antifreeze waxaa lagu rinjiyeeyay midabyo kala duwan, laakiin xitaa midab isku mid ah, ka soo saarayaasha kala duwan, halabuurka ayaa si weyn u kala duwanaan kara. Midabaynta ugu badan ee barafka dhaqameedku waa buluug ama cagaar. Carboxylate waxay leedahay midab casaan, oranji ama casaan. Jiilka cusub ee ka hortagga barafka, propylene glycol, waa midab guduudan ama huruud ah.

Isku dhafka antifreezes, noocyo kala duwan

Si aad u dooratid antifreeze ku habboon halabuurka, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad tixgeliso waxyaabaha ay ka samaysan yihiin mishiinka iyo hiitarka gaarigaaga, maadaama waxyaabaha lagu daro ee ku jira halabuurka ay si kala duwan uga falceliyaan aluminium, naxaas ama qaybo naxaas ah, waxaad u baahan kartaa inaad bedesho dareere sida ugu dhakhsaha badan, iyadoon loo eegin muddada ay ku habboon tahay. Si taxadar leh u akhri faahfaahinta gaarigaaga oo dooro barafka ka hortagga si waafaqsan fasalka dulqaadka ee lagu tilmaamay calaamadda.

Markaad ku darto antifreeze, waxaad u baahan tahay inaadan ku tiirsanayn midabka dareeraha, laakiin calaamadeeda, si aanad isku darin walxaha kiimikada ee kala duwan ee ku jira waxyaabaha lagu daro.

Maskaxda ku hay in haddii aad isku qasto dareeraha ka kooban kala duwan, wax xun ma dhici karaan, laakiin roobabku waa suurtogal, iyo barafka ka hortagga ma la qabsan doono hawlaheeda ugu muhiimsan, sida ugu dhakhsaha badan beddelka dhamaystiran ayaa loo baahan doonaa, iyo suurtogalnimada ma aha oo kaliya antifreeze. lafteeda.