Dilaaga sideyaasha Vol. mid
Markabka gantaalaha Moskva (hore Slava), calanka Badda Madow ee Ruushka, aragtida hadda. Cabbirrada cutubka, iyo gaar ahaan "baytariyada" ee gantaalaha Bazalt, waxay soo jiitaan kuwa aan takhasuska lahayn, laakiin maaha wax qarsoodi ah qof kasta in markabka iyo nidaamkiisa hubka loogu talagalay in loo isticmaalo xaqiiqooyin gebi ahaanba ka duwan kuwa casriga ah. Nidaamyada difaaca hawada ee casriga ah, Mashruuca 1164 cruisers iyo hubkooda ugu muhiimsan maanta waa "shabeel waraaqo ah".
Ciidamada badda ee Ruushka ayaa hadda hadh u ah awooddii hore ee ciidamada badda ee Soofiyeeti. Inkasta oo ay jiraan dadaallada warshadaha maraakiibta iyo soo saarayaasha hubka badda, Moscow hadda waxay awoodi kartaa dhismaha ugu badan ee corvettes, inkastoo aysan ahayn kuwa ugu waxtarka badan. Cunaqabataynta dhaqaale, ka-goynta wada-hawlgalayaasha iyo carqaladaynta silsiladda sahayda ee jamhuuriyadii hore ee Soofiyeedka - inta badan Ukraine, waayo-aragnimada lumay ee xafiisyada naqshadeynta, la'aanta maraakiibta maraakiibta leh saldhigga farsamada ku habboon, ama, ugu dambeyntii, lacag la'aan, waa ku qasbida maamulka Kremlin-ka inay ilaaliyaan maraakiibtan waaweyn ee waagii hore, iyagoo si mucjiso ah hadda u badbaaday.
Ciidamada badda ee casriga ah ayaa ka guuray maraakiibta nooca cruiser-ka ah. Xitaa ciidamada badda ee Maraykanku waxay ka saareen qaybo ka mid ah cutubyada heerka Ticonderoga, kuwaas oo wali ka hooseeya cabbirka noocyadii ugu dambeeyay ee Arleigh Burke-class burburiyaha. Waxoogaa "random" ah oo saddex nooc oo waaweyn oo Zumwalt ah burburiya oo gaaraya 16 oo tan ayaa lagu sifeeyay inay yihiin badmaaxayaal, laakiin taasi ma dhicin. Tirooyinka uu kaliya waxay xaqiijinayaan qoraalka qorrax dhaca ee cutubyo dagaal oo aad u weyn (ma ka hadlayno kuwa qaada diyaaradaha, sababtoo ah ma jiraan).
Xaaladda Ruushka, oo sii haysa cutubyada duugoobay ee fasalkan, mashruuca nukliyeerka ku shaqeeya ee 1144 Orlan, ama dhiggooda marawaxadaha gaaska ee leh barokac yar, Mashruuca 1164 Atlant ee cabbirka la mid ah, oo u fiican hawlaha badda iyo calanka. Sidaa darteed, casriyeynta ballaaran ee "Admiral Nakhimov" (Ex-Kalinin) ayaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo loo eegayo mashruuca 11442M, kaas oo ka horreeya dib-u-cusboonaysiinta lagama maarmaanka u ah dhaqdhaqaaqa unugga laftiisa ... Dabcan, naqshado cusub Hubka iyo elektaroonigga, oo ay ku jiraan habka gantaalaha "warbaahinta" 3K14 "Caliber-NK". Dhanka kale, saddexda Project 1164 cruisers waxay ku jiraan qaab wanaagsan, iyagoo ka jaban si ay u shaqeeyaan oo ay u ilaaliyaan, weli waxay soo jiidanayaan dareenka dadka ka soo horjeeda, laakiin horeyba sababtoo ah cabbirkooda, oo aan ahayn qiimaha dhabta ah ee dagaalka.
Muuqaalka ciidamada badda ee maraakiibta gantaalaha ee Midowga Soofiyeeti, oo ku hubaysan gantaalada lidka maraakiibta ee hagaya, ayaa lala xiriiriyay baahida loo qabo in si wax ku ool ah loo fuliyo mid ka mid ah hawlaheeda ugu muhiimsan - baahida loo qabo in la burburiyo maraakiibta diyaaradaha iyo maraakiibta kale ee waaweyn ee dusha sare "cadowga suurtagalka ah "sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee suurtogalka ah haddii dagaal dhaco waa erey loo isticmaalo in lagu qeexo Maraykanka iyo xulafadiisa NATO.
Waxay ahayd mudnaantan tan la dejiyay bartamihii 50-meeyadii markii hoggaamiyihii Soofiyeeti ee xilligaas Nikita Khrushchev uu ugu yeeray xambaarayaasha diyaaradaha Mareykanka "goobaha hawada ee duullaanka ah." Maaddaama USSR aysan awoodin, sababtoo ah daciifnimadeeda dhaqaale iyo dib-u-dhac farsamo iyo warshadeed, waxay la dagaallamaan iyaga oo kaashanaya duullimaadkeeda, jawaab-celin asymmetric ah ayaa loo doortay qaabka horumarinta gantaalada badda ee riddada dheer iyo dusha sare. iyo sidayaasha biyaha hoostooda.
Varyag (oo hore u ahaan jirtay Krasnaya Ukraina) ayaa ridaya 4K80 P-500 Bazalt anti-mole missile, hubka ugu muhiimsan ee "dilayaasha diyaaradaha qaada". Sida laga soo xigtay cilmi-baarista qaar, Wariaga wuxuu ku hubaysnaa nidaamka cusub ee P-1000 Wulkan.
Jidka Soofiyeedka ee markabka gantaalaha
Duruufaha kor ku xusan, iyo sidoo kale soo afjaridda hoggaanka siyaasadda-siyaasadeed ee Soofiyeedka ee awoodda hubka gantaalaha, ayaa horseeday xaqiiqda ah in ay bilaabeen in ay si xooggan u horumariyaan USSR ee 50-60s. Xafiisyo cusub oo naqshadeynta iyo shirkado wax soo saar ah ayaa la abuuray, kuwaas oo bilaabay inay horumariyaan habab cusub oo gantaallo ah oo leh codsiyo aad u ballaaran, oo ay ku jiraan, dabcan, VMU.
Marka laga reebo qalabkii dib-u-cusboonaysiinta ee 1955-kii ee naqshadeynta maraakiibta madaafiicda 68bis Admiral Nakhimov ee mashruuca 67EP ee markabka tijaabada ah ee ku qalabaysan tijaabada tijaabada ah oo kuu ogolaanaysa inaad riddo diyaaradda gantaalaha KSS, markabkii ugu horreeyay ee dusha sare ee Soofiyeeti ee qaada difaaca ka hortagga gantaalaha. - Burburiyaha mashruucu wuxuu ahaa hub-ka-hortaga markabka.56
Markabkan waxa loo beddelay 1958-kii oo loo beddelay unug gantaallo ah oo hoos imanaya mashruuca 56E, ka dibna 56EM, oo ku yaal goobta Shipyard ee loogu magac daray. 61 Wadamo ku yaal Nikolaev. Sannadkii 1959kii, kooxdani waxay heleen saddex gantaal oo kale, oo dib loo dhisay iyadoo loo eegayo mashruuc wax yar laga beddelay oo 56M ah.
Sida kiiskii Bedovs, hubkooda ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa hal qalab rotary SM-59 (SM-59-1) oo leh tareen tareen ah oo lagu ridayo gantaalada markabka 4K32 "Pike" (KSSzcz, "Ship projectile pike") R -1. Nidaamka Strela iyo bakhaar loogu talagalay lix gantaal (xaaladaha dagaalka, laba kale ayaa la qaadi karaa - mid ayaa la dhigayaa bakhaar, kan kale ee KP ka hor, oo ku heshiinaya sii xumaanshaha ammaanka iyo shuruudaha diyaarinta gantaallada lagu rido) .
Ka dib markii la hawlgaliyey 1960-1969 ee siddeed ka weyn mashruuca 57bis burburiya, oo laga dhisay meel eber ah sida gantaalaha, oo leh laba SM-59-1 soosaaraha iyo laba jeer awoodda gantaalaha ee Project 56E/EM/56M, Ciidamada Bada ee Soofiyeedka waxay ka koobnaayeen 12 gantaallada burburiya. (laga soo bilaabo May 19, 1966 - maraakiibta gantaalaha waaweyn) oo awood u leh inay garaacaan bartilmaameedyada dusha sare ee cadawga ee ka baxsan aagga burburinta hubkiisa dabka (dabcan, marka laga reebo diyaaradaha hawada).
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, ugu dhakhsaha badan - ay sabab u tahay gabowga degdega ah ee gantaallada KSSzcz (amaahday horumarinta Jarmal inta lagu guda jiro dagaalkii labaad ee dunida), heerka hoose ee dabka, tiro yar oo gantaallo ah ee salvo ah, dulqaad sare qalad qalabka, iwm taxanaha 57bis. maraakiibtii waa la joojiyay. Iyadoo la tixgelinayo horumarka firfircoon ee Maraykanka iyo wadamada NATO ee nidaamka difaaca hawada ee maraakiibta casriga ah, oo ay ku jiraan difaaca gantaalaha, KSSzch weyn oo duugoobay, oo u baahan dib-u-cusbooneysi sagaal daqiiqo ah oo soo-saare ah iyo u diyaarinta dib-u-kicinta ( xakamaynta ka hor intaan la bilaabin , ururinta garabka, shidaal-qaadista, dejinta hagaha, iwm. d.), ma jirin fursad si guul leh loogu garaaco bartilmaameed xaaladaha dagaalka.
Maraakiibta kale ee taxanaha ah ee loogu talagalay in lagula dagaallamo diyaaradaha xambaara ayaa ahaa Project 58 Grozny gantaallada burburiya (ilaa Sebtembar 29, 1962 - maraakiibta gantaalaha), oo ku hubaysan laba gantaalada SM-70 P-35 ee ka hortagga maraakiibta Quad, oo ay sidoo kale kaxeeyaan engine turbojet shidaal dareere ah. , laakiin awood u leh kaydinta muddada-dheer ee xaalad shidaal leh. Madaxa dagaalku wuxuu ka koobnaa 16 gantaal, siddeed ka mid ah waxay ku jireen kuwa riddada, inta soo hartayna waxay ku jireen bakhaarro (afarkiiba gantaal).
Markaad ku riddo salvo sideed gantaal oo R-35 ah, suurtogalnimada in lagu garaaco ugu yaraan mid ka mid ah bartilmaameedka ugu weyn ee kooxda la weeraray ee maraakiibta (sida diyaaradaha ama markab kale oo qiimo leh) ayaa si weyn u kordhay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cillado badan dartood, oo ay ku jiraan difaaca daciifka ah ee markabka mashruuca 58, taxanaha wuxuu ku koobnaa afar markab (16kii markii hore la qorsheeyay).
Cutubyo ka mid ah noocyadan oo dhan waxay sidoo kale la kulmeen hal, laakiin dib-u-dhac asaasi ah - madax-bannaanidoodu aad bay u yarayd daba-galka muddada-dheer ee kooxda shaqo-joojinta ee la socota markab-diyaaradaha inta lagu jiro roondada, gaar ahaan haddii ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la raaco markab xamuul nukliyeer ah oo dhowr ah. maalmo xiriir ah samaynta dib u gurasho. . Tani waxay ahayd mid aad uga fog awoodaha maraakiibta gantaalaha ee cabbirka wax burburiya.
Meesha ugu weyn ee xafiiltanka u dhexeeya maraakiibta USSR iyo NATO ee 60-meeyadii waxay ahayd Badda Mediterranean-ka, halkaas oo 14-aad ee Hawl-galka VMP (Mediterranean) ay ka shaqeynayeen July 1967, 5, oo ka kooban 70-80 maraakiibta maraakiibta Badda Madow, Baltic iyo doonyaha Waqooyiga. Kuwaas, oo ku saabsan 30 maraakiibta dagaalka: 4-5 submarines nukliyeerka iyo ilaa 10 naaftada-korontada submarines, 1-2 markab weerar kooxaha (haddii ay dhacdo in xaaladda ka sii darto ama in ka badan), koox jardiinka ah, inta kale waxaa iska lahaa ciidamada ammaanka. (Tababar, booyado, jiidis badeed iwm) .
Ciidamada badda ee Maraykanku waxa ay ka mid ahaayeen kooxdii 6aad ee badda Mediterranean-ka, oo la sameeyay Juun 1948. 70-80-meeyadii. oo ka kooban 30-40 markab oo dagaal ah: laba diyaaradood oo xambaara, diyaarad helicopter ah, laba maraakiibta gantaalaha, 18-20 maraakiibta galbinta ujeedooyinka badan, 1-2 maraakiibta sahayda caalamiga ah iyo ilaa lix maraakiibta quusta ee ujeedooyinka badan leh. Caadi ahaan, hal koox shaqo joojin siday ayaa ka hawlgalay aagga Naples, midda kalena Haifa. Haddii loo baahdo, Maraykanku waxay maraakiibta tiyaatarada kale u wareejiyeen badda Mediterranean-ka. Marka laga soo tago iyaga, waxaa sidoo kale jiray maraakiib dagaal (oo ay ku jiraan kuwa xambaara diyaaradaha iyo maraakiibta Nukliyeerka ah), iyo sidoo kale diyaarado ku salaysan dhulka oo ka yimid wadamada kale ee NATO, oo ay ku jiraan Great Britain, France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, Germany iyo Netherlands. si firfircoon uga shaqeeya aaggan.
