Ciidamada RSI ee ka dagaalamaya buundada Anzio
Taageerida hoobiyaha 81mm ee talyaaniga inta lagu jiro dabka.
Janaayo 22, 1944, gudaha Talyaaniga, meel u dhow magaalada Anzio, XNUMX-aad American Corps (kadibna sidoo kale ay taageereen ciidamada Ingiriiska) ee hoos yimaada General John Lucas ayaa soo degay gadaasha cutubyada Jarmalka. Ujeedadoodu waxa ay ahayd in ay maraan dhufaysyadii khadka Gustav-ka, oo ay ka gooyeen difaacyada ciidankii Jarmalku intiisa kale ee Talyaaniga, una furaan waddada Rome sida ugu dhakhsaha badan. Hortooda waxaa taagnaa xubno ka mid ah Jarmalkii XNUMXth Parachute Corps ee General Alfred Schlermm iyo LXXVI Panzer Corps ee General Trugott Herr. Jarmalkii dagaalka kula jiray xulafada waxa taageeray xulafadooda talyaaniga oo ka tirsan ciidamada qalabka sida ee Jamhuuriyadda Bulsheedka Talyaaniga.
Isdhiibistii Talyaanigu isu dhiibay ciidamada Anglo-American September 8, 1943 waxa ay jawaab degdeg ah ka keentay Jarmalku, kaas oo jabiyay heshiiskii Birta ee ku xidhnaa Talyaaniga, weerarna ku qaaday ciidamadii Talyaaniga ee fadhiyey koonfurta Faransiiska, dalalka Balkanska, Giriiga iyo Talyaaniga laftiisa. Waxaa si degdeg ah loo jebiyey ciidamadii Talyaaniga, waxaana dalka intiisa badan uu gacanta u galay Jarmalkii. Boqorka, dawladda iyo inta badan guutooyinkii boqortooyadu waxay gabaad ka dhigteen dhulkii ay Isbahaysigu qabsadeen. Bishii Sebtembar 23, 1943, dhulalka uu ka taliyo Jarmalka, Benito Mussolini, oo laga xoreeyay ficilka geesinimada leh ee Jarmalka, wuxuu ku dhawaaqay dawlad cusub - Jamhuuriyadda Bulshada Talyaaniga (Repubblica Sociale Italiana, RSI).
Marka laga soo tago ciidamada dhulka - Esercito Nazionale Repubblicano (ENR) - Nidaamka Mussolini, oo ku tiirsan xulafada Jarmalka, wuxuu u diray unug Waffen-SS ah si uu ula dagaallamo dhinaca Reitch Saddexaad, iyada oo loo marayo 20 qof. saraakiil, saraakiil-xigeen iyo askar (oo ah "qaabka ugu sarreeya" ee December 1944, waxay tirisay 15 1944 qof). Waqtigii la abuuray, cutubka waxaa la odhan jiray Italienische Freiwilligen Verland (SS Italiana Legion), March 1 waxa dib loo habeeyey galay 1. Italienische Freiwilligen Sturmbrigade (1a Brigata d'Assalto), bishii June galay 9st Sturmbrigade Italienische Freiwilligen Legion, in Sebtembar waxay hore u ahayd 1th SS Grenadier Brigade (Italian No. 1945), iyo March 29, waxaa la abuuray qayb loo yaqaan 1th SS Grenadier Division (Italian No. 28). Taliyayaashiisa waxay ahaayeen: laga bilaabo Oktoobar 1943, 28 - SS-Brigadeführer Peter Hansen (muddadii Oktoobar 6 ilaa Disembar 1943, 10, SS Standartenführer Gustav Lombard wuxuu amray), laga bilaabo May 1944, 20 - SS Oberführer Otto Jungkunz1944 10 g. - SS Standartenführer Konstantin Heldmann. Kormeeraha cutubyada Waffen-SS ee Talyaanigu wuxuu ahaa Waffen-Brigadeführer Pietro Manelli. Cutubkani waligii uma shaqayn sidii dhismo is haysta. Guutada SS-ta Talyaaniga, oo ka soo unkamay guutada tabaruca ee maleeshiyaadka hubaysan (Milizia Armata), waxay ka koobnayd saddex guuto oo ciidanka lugta ah iyo guutooyin madax bannaan oo fadhiisimo ka dhigtay meelo kala duwan oo waqooyiga Talyaaniga ah.
Oktoobar 10, 1943, RSI (Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana, ANR) ayaa la sameeyay. Guutada Parachute "Folgore" (Reggimento Paracadutisti "Folgore") ayaa sidoo kale hoos imaanaysay amarka Hay'adda Hantida Beeraha. Laba maalmood ka dib, iyada oo laga jawaabayo baaqii halyeeyga Colonel Ernesto Botto, waxaa bilaabmay samaynta cutubyada duulista. Botto waxa uu ahaa duuliye ciidan ilaa xudunta u ah, kama aanu quusan duulista xitaa ka dib markii lugtiisa laga gooyay. Taasi waa sababta ay u heshay magaca "lugta Birta". Intaa waxaa dheer, wuxuu si fiican u yaqaan Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen (Taliyaha Ciidanka Cirka ee Jarmalka 2) oo aad u soo jiitay xirfaddiisa iyo geesinimadiisa. Wax yar ka dib, 7 qof ayaa isugu soo baxay garoomo diyaaradeed oo kala duwan si ay uga soo qaybgalaan ciwaanka kornaylku. duuliyayaasha iyo farsamayaqaannada diyaaradaha. Marka laga soo tago Adriano Visconti, duuliyayaashii dagaalka sida Hugo Drago, Mario Bellagambi iyo Tito Falconi ayaa ka jawaabay baaqii Botto, iyo sidoo kale kuwii caanka ahaa ee bambooyinka tuuray sida Marino Marini (oo la badbaadiyay ka dib markii lagu toogtay badda Mediterranean-ka ee ay toogteen shaqaalihii markabka U- 331 bishii Febraayo 1942), Carlo Faggioni, Irnerio Bertuzzi iyo Ottone Sponza.
Hindisaha Cap. Carlo Faggioni, kooxda bambooyinka torpedo ayaa laga sameeyay garoonka diyaaradaha ee Florence, oo markii hore ka koobnaa 3 diyaaradood oo Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 ah. Wax yar ka dib waxaa loo qaaday Venice waxaana lagu rakibay 12 mashiin oo isku nooc ah. Janaayo 1, 1944, saddex kooxood oo Gruppo Autonomo Aeroiluranti "Buscaglia" waxay gaareen diyaargarowga dagaalka. Qeybta waxaa loo magacaabay taliyaha 281-aad ee Squadron ka dibna 132aad ee Bombardment Squadron, Major V. Carlo Emanuel Buscaglia. Dagaal ka dhan ah maraakiibta isbahaysiga ee dekedda Bougie ee Aljeeriya 12-kii Noofambar 1942, waxaa toogtay dagaalyahan Spitfire ah, oo lagu dhawaaqay inuu dhintay oo ka dib dhimashadiisa la siiyay Biladda Dahabka ee Valor. Isaga oo lagu xasuusto, asxaabtiisu waxay u bixiyeen magaca unugga cusub1.
Ciidanka Badda ee RSI (Marina Nazionale Repubblicana, MNR) waxaa la sameeyay Sebtembar 30, 1943. Jarmalku ma aamini jirin xulafadooda, sidaas darteed inta badan maraakiibta Talyaaniga ee ay qabteen (ama dageen, ka dibna kor u qaadeen oo dib u dhiseen) waxay u adeegeen Kriegsmarine. calanka, oo leh taliyayaal Jarmal ah - inkastoo cutubyada qaarkood ay weli joogeen badmaaxayaal Talyaani ah (oo qayb ka ah shaqaalaha). Sababtan awgeed, qaybo yar ayaa lagu daray MPR. Maraakiibta ugu badan ee ciidamada badda ee RSI waxay ahaayeen doomo torpedo ah (6 waaweyn iyo 18 dhexdhexaad ah), marka lagu daro, waxay lahaayeen maraakiibta quusta (3 dhexdhexaad ah, 1 yar iyo 14 yar; 5 ka mid ah kuwa dambe ee ka hawlgala Badda Madow), ugaarsadaha badda quusta (6). -7), ugu yaraan 1 miino-saare iyo dhawr daraasiin (daraasiin?) doonyaha ilaalada kaaliyaha ah. Kuwa dambe waxay ka hooseeyaan flotillas ammaanka dekedda Jarmalka (Hafenschutzflottille) ee Venice, Genoa iyo La Spezia. Waxaa laga yaabaa in MPR uu sidoo kale lahaa corvette waqti gaaban. Intaa waxaa dheer, "maxaladaha madow" (waxa loogu yeero RSI Flet) waxay ku haysteen jagooyinka lidka diyaaradaha ee maraakiibta dhismaha: Caio Mario ee Genoa, Vesuvio iyo Etna ee Trieste.
