Saliidda matoorada naaftada

Tusmo

Sida loo doorto saliidda injiinka naaftada
Astaamaha saliidda engine naaftada
Waa maxay saliidda ugu fiican ee turbodiesel
Noocyada saliidaha ee matoorada guba naaftada
Farqiga u dhexeeya saliidaha naaftada iyo shidaalka
- Natiijada

Saliidda matoorada naaftada ayaa ka duwan dareerayaasha la midka ah ee unugyada shidaalka. Tani waxay sabab u tahay kala duwanaanshaha hawlgalkooda, iyo sidoo kale shuruudaha ay tahay inay saliiddu ku shaqeyso. kuwaas oo ah, matoorka gubida naaftada gudaha waxa uu ku shaqeeyaa heerkul hoose, waxa uu isticmaalaa shidaal iyo hawo aan caato ahayn, hababka isku dhafka ah ee isku dhafka ah iyo gubashada ayaa si degdeg ah u dhaca. Sidaa darteed, saliidda naaftada waa inay lahaataa sifooyin iyo astaamo gaar ah, taas oo aan kaga hadli doono maqaalkan.

Sida loo doorto saliidda injiinka naaftada

Ka hor inta aanad u gudbin sifooyinka saliidda, waxaa habboon in si kooban loo eego xaaladaha lagu qasbay inay shaqeyso. Ugu horreyntii, waa in la xusuustaa in shidaalka naaftada ICE-yada uusan si buuxda u gubin, taasoo ka dhigeysa xaddi badan oo soodh ah natiijada gubashada. Iyo haddii shidaalka naaftada ah uu yahay mid tayadiisu liidato oo ay ku jirto xaddi badan oo baaruud ah, ka dibna alaabooyinka gubanaya ayaa sidoo kale saameyn xun ku leh saliidda.

Maadaama cadaadiska matoorka naaftada uu aad u sarreeyo, gaasaska crankcase ayaa sidoo kale lagu sameeyay tiro aad u badan, iyo hawo ku habboon mar walba ma la qabsanayso iyaga. Tani waa sababta tooska ah ee saliidda naaftada naaftada u da'da aad u dhaqso badan, lumiso sifooyinka ilaalinta iyo saabuunta, iyo sidoo kale oxidizes.

Waxa jira dhawr qaybood oo ay tahay in darawalku ku xisaabtamo marka uu dooranayo saliidaha. Waxaa jira saddex sida sifooyinka ugu muhiimsan ee saliidda engine:

tayada - shuruudaha waxaa lagu qeexay API / ACEA / ILSAC kala soocida;
viscosity - la mid ah heerka SAE;
saldhigga saliiddu waa macdanta, synthetic ama semi-synthetic.

Macluumaadka la xidhiidha waxa lagu tilmaamay baakadaha saliidda. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isla mar ahaantaana, milkiilaha baabuurku waa inuu ogaadaa shuruudaha uu sameeyo baabuur-sameeyaha si uu u doorto dareeraha leh cabbirka saxda ah.

Astaamaha saliidda engine naaftada

ka dib waxaan si qoto dheer u eegi doonaa halbeegyada liiska ku jira si qofka xiiseeya baabuurku uu u hago marka uu wax iibsanayo oo aanu doorano saliidaha ugu habboon mashiinka gubashada gudaha ee baabuurka.

Tayada saliida

Sida kor ku xusan, waxaa qoray heerarka caalamiga ah API, ACEA iyo ILSAC. Marka loo eego heerka koowaad, calaamadaha "C" iyo "S" ayaa ah tilmaamayaasha matoorka gubashada gudaha ee loogu talagalay saliidaha. Sidaas darteed, xarafka "C" waxaa loola jeedaa in loogu talagalay matoorada naaftada. Oo haddii "S" - ka dibna shidaalka. Waxa kale oo jira nooc caalami ah oo saliid ah, oo lagu tilmaamay shahaado S / C. Dabcan, marka la eego macnaha maqaalkan, waxaan xiisayn doonaa saliidaha qaybta koowaad.

Marka lagu daro muujinta nooca mashiinka gubashada gudaha, waxaa jira qeexitaan faahfaahsan oo ku saabsan calaamadaynta. Matoorada naaftada waxay u egtahay sidan:

Xarfaha CC waxay tilmaamayaan ma aha oo kaliya ujeedada "naaftada" ee saliidda, laakiin sidoo kale in matoorada ay tahay inay noqdaan kuwo jawiga, ama kor u kaca dhexdhexaad ah;
CD ama CE waa saliid naaftada kor u qaadaya ka hor iyo ka dib 1983, siday u kala horreeyaan;
CF-4 - loogu talagalay matoorada 4-stroke ee la sii daayay ka dib 1990;
CG-4 - saliidaha jiilka cusub, ee cutubyada la soo saaray 1994 ka dib;
CD-11 ama CF-2 - oo loogu talagalay matoorada naaftada 2-stroke.

Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaad aqoonsan kartaa saliidda "naaftada" sida waafaqsan qeexitaanka ACEA:

B1-96 - loogu talagalay cutubyo aan lahayn turbocharging;
B2-96 iyo B3-96 - loogu talagalay unugyada baabuurta leh ama aan lahayn turbocharging;
E1-96, E2-96 iyo E3-96 waxaa loogu talagalay baabuurta waaweyn ee leh mishiinnada kor u qaadista sare.

Nafaqada saliidda

Fududeynta saliidda lagu shubo kanaalka iyo walxaha nidaamka waxay si toos ah ugu xiran tahay qiimaha viscosity. Intaa waxaa dheer, viscosity ee saliiddu waxay saamaysaa heerka sahayda ay ku xoqeen lammaane shaqo ee engine gubashada gudaha, isticmaalka kharashka batteriga, iyo sidoo kale iska caabin farsamo ee crankshaft by bilowga ah marka laga bilaabo xaaladaha qabow. Sidaa darteed, matoorada naaftada, dufan leh index viscosity of 5W (ilaa -25 ° C), 10W (ilaa -20 ° C), inta badan waxaa la isticmaalaa 15W (ilaa -15 ° C). Sidaas awgeed, tirada yar ee ka horraysa xarafka W, waa yaraanta mawduucyada saliidda.

Saliidaha tamarta-badbaadiya waxay leeyihiin aragti yar. Waxay abuuraan filim yar oo difaac ah oo ku yaal dusha birta, laakiin isla markaaba tamarta iyo shidaalka wax soo saarkeeda badbaadiya. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, saliidahan waa in la isticmaalo kaliya leh ICEs gaar ah (waa inay leeyihiin marino saliid cidhiidhi ah).

Markaad dooranayso hal ama mid kale oo saliid ah, waa inaad had iyo jeer tixgelisaa sifooyinka gobolka ee mashiinku ku shaqeeyo. kuwaas oo ah, heerkulka ugu yar ee jiilaalka iyo ugu badnaan xagaaga. Haddii farqigani uu weyn yahay, markaa waxa fiican inaad iibsato laba saliid oo kala duwan - jiilaalka iyo xagaaga, oo ku beddel xilliyeed. Haddii farqiga heerkulka uu yar yahay, markaa waxaad isticmaali kartaa "xilliga oo dhan".

Matoorada naaftada, xilliga cimiladu maaha mid caan ah sida matoorada shidaalka. Sababta tani waa in inta badan latitudes ee waddankeena farqiga heerkulka uu yahay mid weyn.

Haddii mashiinka gubashada gudaha uu leeyahay dhibaatooyin kooxda cylinder-piston, cadaadis, iyo sidoo kale si fiican uma bilaabin "qabow", ka dibna waxaa fiican in la iibsado saliidda naaftada naaftada oo leh aragti hoose.

Saldhigga saliidda injiinka ee naaftada

Waxa kale oo caado ah in saliidda loo qaybiyo noocyo iyada oo ku xidhan hadba halka ay salka ku hayso. Saddex nooc oo saliid ah ayaa maanta la yaqaan, kuwa ugu jaban waa saliidda macdanta. Laakiin si dhif ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa, marka laga reebo laga yaabee ICE-yadii hore, maadaama kuwa synthetic ama semi-synthetic ay leeyihiin astaamo xasilloon.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, arrimaha ugu muhiimsan ayaa ah kaliya u hoggaansanaanta sifooyinka ay ku dhawaaqeen soo saaraha saliidda kuwa ay u baahan yihiin gawaarida, iyo sidoo kale asalka saliidda. Qodobka labaad ma aha mid ka muhiimsan kan koowaad, maadaama shirkado badan oo baabuurta iibiya ay hadda iibiyaan been abuur aan u dhigmin sifooyinka la sheegay.

Waa maxay saliidda ugu fiican ee turbodiesel

Habka hawlgalka mashiinka naaftada turbocharged wuu ka duwan yahay kan caadiga ah. Ugu horreyntii, tan waxaa lagu muujiyey xawaaraha weyn ee wareegga marawaxadaha (in ka badan 100 iyo xitaa 200 kun oo kacdoon daqiiqaddii), taas oo ay ugu wacan tahay heerkulka matoorka gubashada gudaha ayaa si weyn u kordheysa (waxay ka badan kartaa + 270 ° C). , oo xidhiddiisuna way korodhaa. Sidaa darteed, saliidda matoorka naaftada leh marawaxadaha waa in ay lahaataa difaac sare iyo sifooyin shaqo.

Tixgelinta doorashada hal ama nooc kale oo saliid ah mashiinka naaftada turbocharged ah ayaa la mid ah kan caadiga ah. Waxa ugu weyn ee kiiskan waa u hoggaansanaanta talooyinka soo-saaraha. Waxaa jira ra'yi gaar ah oo sheegaya in saliidda mashiinka naaftada ee turbocharged ay tahay inay noqoto mid ku salaysan synthetic. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhab ahaantii tani maahan kiiska.

Dabcan, "synthetics" waxay noqon doontaa xal fiican, laakiin waa suurtogal in la buuxiyo labadaba "semi-synthetics" iyo xitaa "biyo macdanta", laakiin doorashada dambe ma noqon doonto doorashada ugu fiican. Inkasta oo qiimihiisu yar yahay, marka loo eego xaaladaha shaqada, waxay u baahan doontaa in la beddelo marar badan, taas oo keeni doonta qashin dheeraad ah, wayna ka sii dari doontaa ilaalinta matoorka gubashada gudaha.

Aynu taxno macluumaadka ku saabsan taas oo saliidaha turbodiesel ay ku taliyaan soosaarayaasha caanka ah. Marka, matoorada naaftada turbocharged ee la soo saaray ka dib 2004 oo leh shaandheyn qaybeed, sida waafaqsan heerka ACEA, waa in la isticmaalo:

Saliida naaftada DELO

Mitsubishi iyo Mazda waxay ku talinayaan saliidaha B1;
Toyota (Lexus), Honda (Acura), Fiat, Citroen, Peugeot - saliidaha B2;
Renault-Nissan - saliidaha B3 iyo B4.

Baabuur-sameeyayaasha kale waxay ku talinayaan alaabtan soo socota:

Shirkadda Ford ee matoorada naaftada turbo ee la soo saaray 2004 iyo markii dambe oo leh shaandheyn qayb ah ayaa ku talinaysa saliid sumadda M2C913C.
Volkswagen (iyo sidoo kale Skoda iyo Kursiga, kuwaas oo qayb ka ah welwelka) xitaa waxay soo saartaa calaamadda VW 507 00 ee saliidda Castrol ee matoorada turbodiesel ee walaaceeda, kuwaas oo la soo saaray ka hor 2004 waxayna leeyihiin shaandheyn qaybeed.
Baabuurta ay samaysay General Motors Corporation (Opel, Chevrolet iyo kuwa kale), matoorada naaftada turbocharged ka dib 2004 oo leh filter particulate, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la isticmaalo saliid Dexos 2.
Turbodiesel BMWs oo la soo saaray ka hor 2004 oo ku qalabaysan filter particulate, saliidda lagu talinayaa waa BMW Longlife-04.

Si gooni ah, waxaa habboon in la xuso matoorada TDI ee lagu rakibay Audi. Waxay haystaan ogolaanshahan soo socda:

matoorada ilaa 2000 oo la sii daayo - index VW505.01;
matoorada 2000-2003 - 506.01;
cutubyada ka dib 2004 waxay leeyihiin tusaha saliidda 507.00.

Waxaa xusid mudan in mishiinka naaftada turbocharged ah ay tahay in lagu buuxiyo saliid tayo sare leh oo buuxisa shuruudaha uu ku dhawaaqay soo saaraha. Tan waxa u sabab ah xaaladaha shaqada unugga kor lagu tilmaamay. Intaa waxaa dheer, xusuusnow in baabuur turbocharged ah uu u baahan yahay safar marmar ah oo leh culeys wanaagsan, si aanay marawaxadaha iyo saliidda ku jira "aan u dhicin". Sidaa darteed, ha ilaawin kaliya inaad isticmaasho saliidda "saxda ah", laakiin sidoo kale inaad si sax ah u shaqeyso mashiinka.

Noocyada saliidaha ee matoorada guba naaftada

Baabuur-sameeyayaasha caanka ah ee caalamiga ah waxay si toos ah ugu talinayaan macaamiishu inay isticmaalaan saliidaha noocyada qaarkood (badanaa ay soo saaraan). Tusaale ahaan:

Saliida caanka ah ee ZIC XQ 5000

Hyundai/Kia waxay ku talinaysaa saliidda ZIC (XQ LS).
Ford for ICE Zetec waxay bixisaa M2C 913 saliid.
Gudaha ICE Opel ilaa 2000, ACEA waxay ogolaatay saliid A3/B3. Matoorada wixii ka dambeeya 2000 waxay ku shaqayn karaan saliida la ansixiyay GM-LL-B-025.
BMW waxay ku talinaysaa isticmaalka saliida Castrol ee la ansixiyay ama saliida sumaddeeda BMW Longlife. Tani waxay si gaar ah run ugu tahay mishiinnada gubashada gudaha, kuwaas oo ku qalabaysan nidaamyada wakhtiga beddelka ee valve.
Welwelka Mercedes-Benz ee matoorada naaftada ka dib 2004, oo ku qalabaysan shaandhada qayb ka mid ah, waxay ku siisaa saliid hoosteeda calaamadeeda index 229.31 iyo 229.51. Mid ka mid ah dulqaadka saliidda ugu sarreeya ee matoorada naaftada ayaa ah index ka 504.00 ilaa 507. Baabuurta naaftada, waxaa lagula talinayaa in la isticmaalo saliid calaamadeysan CF-00.

Intaa waxaa dheer waxaan ku siin macluumaad wax ku ool ah oo leh qiimeynta saliidaha caanka ah ee matoorada naaftada. Marka la uruurinayo qiimeynta, ra'yiga khubarada sameynaya cilmi baarista la xiriirta ayaa la tixgeliyey. yacni saliid tilmaamayaasha soo socdaa waa muhiim:

joogitaanka wax lagu daro gaar ah;
hoos u dhaca maadada fosfooraska, kaas oo hubiya isdhexgalka nabdoon ee dareeraha iyo gaaska qiiqa ka baxa nidaamka daaweynta ka dib;
ilaalinta wanaagsan ee hababka daxalka;
hygroscopicity hoose (saliid ma nuugo qoyaanka jawiga).

Markaad dooranayso calaamad gaar ah, hubi inaad tixgeliso shuruudaha baabuur-sameeyaha gaarigaaga.

Samee	Description	Viscosity	API/TA	Kharashka
ZIC XQ 5000 10W-40	Mid ka mid ah saliidaha naaftada ugu fiican uguna caansan. Waxaa laga soo saaray Kuuriyada Koonfureed. Waxaa lagu isticmaali karaa ICE-yada marawaxadaha. Lagu taliyay Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, Scania, Renault, MACK	10W-40	API CI-4; ACEA E6/E4. Wuxuu haystaa oggolaanshahan soo socda: MB 228.5/228.51, MAN M 3477/3277 la dhimay Ash, MTU Nooca 3, VOLVO VDS-3, SCANIA LDF-2, Cummins 20076/77/72/71, Renault VI RXD, Mack EO-M+	$22 qasac 6 litir ah.
LIQUI MOLY 5W-30 TopTech-4600	Saliid caan ah oo aan qaali ahayn oo ka timid warshad Jarmal ah oo caan ah.	5W-30	ACEA C3; APISN/CF; MB sii deynta 229.51; BMW Longlife 04; VW 502.00/505.00; Ford WSS-M2C 917 A; Dexos 2.	$110 qasac 20 litir ah.
ADDINOL Diesel Longlife MD 1548 (SAE 15W-40)	Waxay ka tirsan tahay nooca saliidaha loogu talagalay inay la shaqeeyaan ICE-yada aadka loo raray (Saliida Matoorka Culus) Sidaa darteed, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa ma aha oo kaliya baabuurta rakaabka, laakiin sidoo kale baabuurta waaweyn.	15W-40	CI-4, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 PLUS, SL; A3/B3, E3, E5, E7. Ansixinta: MB 228.3, MB 229.1, Volvo VDS-3, Renault RLD-2, Global DHD-1, MACK EO-N, Allison C-4, VW 501 01, VW 505 00, ZF TE-ML 07C, Caterpillar ECF - 2, Caterpillar ECF-1-a, Deutz DQC III-10, MAN 3275-1	$125 qasac 20 litir ah.
Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40	Saliida Belgian-ka waxaa loo isticmaalaa baabuurta iyo kuwa xamuulka ee Yurub. Waxay ku kala duwan yihiin tayada sare.	15W-40	API CI-4/CH-4/SL/SJ; ACEA E7; Oggolaanshaha MB 228.3; Volvo VDS-3; NIN M3275-1; Renault Trucks RLD-2 iyo kuwa kale	$37 qasac 4 litir ah.
CHEVRON Delo 400 MGX 15W-40	Saliida Ameerikaanka ee baabuurta naaftada ah iyo baabuurta (Komatsu, Man, Chrysler, Volvo, Mitsubishi). Waxa loo isticmaali karaa matoorada gubashada gudaha ee turbocharged.	15W-40	API: CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4; ACEA: E4, E7. Oggolaanshaha soo saaraha: MB 228.51, Deutz DQC III-05, Renault RLD-2, Renault VI RXD, Volvo VDS-3, MACK EO-M Plus, Volvo VDS-2.	$15 qasac 3,8 litir ah.
Castrol Magnatec Professional 5w30	Saliid aad loo jecel yahay. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay leedahay viscosity kinetic hoose.	5W-30	ACEA A5/B5; API CF/SN; ILSAC GF4; La kulmay Ford WSS-M2C913-C/WSS-M2C913-D.	$44 qasac 4 litir ah.

Celceliska qiimaha waxaa lagu tilmaamay qiimaha xagaaga 2017 ee Moscow iyo gobolka

Qiimaha saliidda naaftada wuxuu ku xiran yahay afar arrimood - nooca saldhiggeeda (synthetic, semi-synthetic, macdanta), mugga weelka lagu iibiyo dareeraha, sifooyinka sida waafaqsan heerarka SAE / API / ACEA iyo kuwa kale, iyo sidoo kale astaanta soo saaraha. Waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad saliid ka iibsato qiimaha celceliska.

Farqiga u dhexeeya saliidaha naaftada iyo shidaalka

Waxay keentaa waxyeello saliidda

Sidaad ogtahay, matoorada dabka naaftada gudaha ku jira waxay ku salaysan yihiin mabda'a shidista cadaadiska, ee maaha kuwo ka imanaya dhimbiil (sida shidaalka). Matoorada noocan oo kale ah ayaa soo jiidaya hawada, taas oo gudaha lagu cadaadiyo ilaa heer gaar ah. Isku dar ah ayaa ku gubanaya matoorada naaftada si aad uga dhaqso badan mishiinnada shidaalka, taas oo ka dhigaysa mid aad u adag in la hubiyo isticmaalka shidaalka oo buuxa, tanina, waxay keenaysaa samaynta dambaska ee qaybo badan.

Marka la eego tan, iyo sidoo kale sababtoo ah cadaadiska sare ee qolka dhexdiisa, saliiddu waxay si dhakhso ah u lumisaa hantideeda asalka ah, oxidizes oo waxay noqotaa mid duug ah. Tani waxay si gaar ah run u tahay marka la isticmaalayo shidaal naafto ah oo tayadiisu hooseyso, kaas oo aad ugu badan dalkeenna. Tan la xidhiidha farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya saliidda naaftada Analoog ee matoorada shidaalka - waxay leedahay antioxidant xoog leh iyo sifooyin saliideed.

Waxaa xusid mudan in heerka gabowga saliidda uu aad uga sarreeyo matoorada gubanaya naaftada ee duugoobay, taas oo macnaheedu yahay inay u baahan yihiin daryeel taxaddar leh.

Natiijada

Saliidda naaftada matoorada gubashada gudaha waxay leedahay waxqabad xasiloon iyo sifooyin shaqo marka loo eego unugyada shidaalka. Markaad dooranayso, waa inaad la soco u hoggaansanaanta xuduudaha saliidda shuruudaha sheegay soo saaraha. Tani waxay khusaysaa matoorada naaftada caadiga ah iyo unugyada turbocharged.

Ka digtoonow been-abuurka. Wax ku iibso dukaamada la isku halayn karo.

sidoo kale isku day inaad shidaal ku shubto kaalmaha shidaalka ee la xaqiijiyay. Haddii ay jirto maaddo baaruud sare leh oo ku jirta shidaalka naaftada, markaas saliiddu aad ayay u fashilmi doontaa waqti hore. oo ah, waxa loogu yeero lambarka saldhiga (TBN). Nasiib darro, wadamada ka dambeeya Soviet-ka waxaa jira dhibaato marka shidaalka tayada hooseeya lagu iibiyo xarumaha shidaalka. Sidaa darteed, isku day inaad saliid ku buuxiso TBN = 9 ... 12, badiyaa qiimahan waxaa lagu tilmaamaa meel ku xigta heerka ACEA.