Dareemaha Camshaft oo cilladaysan calaamadaha

Waa maxay shishashka camshaft?

Shaqada unugga korontada ee baabuurta casriga ah waxaa gacanta ku haya qalabka elektarooniga ah. ECU (cutubka kontoroolka elektaroonigga ah) wuxuu abuuraa garaaca wadnaha oo ku saleysan falanqaynta calaamadaha dareemayaasha badan. Dareemayaasha lagu dhejiyo meelo kala duwan ayaa u suurtageliya ECU inay qiimeeyaan xaaladda matoorka wakhti kasta oo ay si dhakhso ah u saxaan xuduudaha qaarkood.

Dareemayaashaas waxaa ka mid ah dareemaha booska camshaft (DPRV). Calankeedu wuxuu kuu ogolaanayaa inaad isku dhejiso hawlgalka nidaamka durida ee isku dhafka gubanaya ee dhululubada mishiinka.

Inta badan mishiinnada duritaanka, duritaanka isku dhafka ah ee la qaybiyey ayaa la isticmaalaa. Isla mar ahaantaana, ECU-du waxay fureysaa sanbabada kasta markeeda, iyada oo hubinaysa in isku-darka shidaalka hawadu uu galo dhululubada wax yar ka hor istaroogga qaadashada. Marxaladda, taas oo ah, isku xigxiga saxda ah iyo xilliga saxda ah ee furitaanka sanbabada, kaliya waxay bixisaa DPRV, taas oo ah sababta inta badan loogu yeero dareeme wajiga.

Hawlgalka caadiga ah ee nidaamka cirbadeynta ayaa kuu ogolaaneysa inaad gaarto gubashada ugu fiican ee isku dhafka gubanaya, kordhiso awoodda mishiinka oo aad iska ilaaliso isticmaalka shidaalka aan loo baahnayn.

Qalabka iyo noocyada dareemayaasha booska camshaft

Baabuurta, waxaad ka heli kartaa saddex nooc oo dareemayaasha wajiga:

• ku salaysan saamaynta Hall;
• kicinta;
• indhaha.

Fiisigiste Mareykan ah Edwin Hall ayaa daahfuray 1879-kii in haddii kirishbooyaha ku xiran isha tooska ah lagu dhejiyo goob birlab ah, markaas kala duwanaansho macquul ah ayaa ka soo baxda kirishtaankan.

DPRV, oo adeegsata dhacdadan, waxaa badanaa loo yaqaannaa Dareemaha Hall. Jidhka qalabku waxa uu ka kooban yahay birlab joogto ah, magnetic circuit iyo microcircuit oo leh curiye xasaasi ah. Danab sahayda ah ayaa la siinayaa qalabka (sida caadiga ah 12 V batari ama 5 V oo laga helo xasiliye gaar ah). Calaamad ayaa laga qaadaa wax-soo-saarka cod-weyneeye-ga shaqeeya ee ku yaalla microcircuit, kaas oo lagu quudiyo kombiyuutarka.

Naqshadeynta dareeraha Hall waa la dhejin karaa

iyo dhamaadka

Xaaladda kowaad, ilkaha camshaft tixraaca disk dhex mara booska dareenka, kiiska labaad, hortiisa wejiga dhamaadka.

Ilaa inta xadhkaha xoogga birta magnetic-ku aanay isku dul-taagnayn biraha ilkaha, waxaa jira xoogaa danab ah oo ku jira curiyaha xasaasiga ah, mana jiraan wax calaamad ah oo ka soo baxa DPRV. Laakiin wakhtigan marka bartilmaameedku ka gudbo xadhkaha magnetic field, korantada ku jirta curiyaha xasaasiga ah wuu baaba'aa, marka la soo saaro aaladda calaamadu waxay kor u kacdaa ku dhawaad ​​qiimaha tamarta sahayda.

Aaladaha boosaska leh, inta badan waxaa la isticmaalaa saxanka dejinta, kaas oo leh kala fogaansho hawo. Marka farqigaani uu dhex maro magnetic field ee dareemayaasha, garaaca garaaca wadnaha ayaa abuurmaya.

Si wadajir ah ula soco qalabka dhamaadka, sida caadiga ah, disk ilka leh ayaa loo isticmaalaa.

Saxanka tixraaca iyo dareeraha wejiga ayaa lagu rakibay si ay garaaca garaaca wadnaha loogu diro ECU wakhtigan xaadirka ah piston ee dhululubada 1aad dhex mara xarunta sare ee dhintay (TDC), taas oo ah, bilowga cusub. wareegga hawlgalka unugga. Matoorada naaftada, samaynta garaaca wadnaha waxay caadi ahaan u dhacdaa dhululubo kasta si gooni ah.

Waa dareemaha Hall ka inta badan loo isticmaalo DPRV ahaan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaad inta badan heli kartaa dareeraha nooca-induction, kaas oo sidoo kale uu jiro magnet joogto ah, iyo inductor ayaa ku dhaawacmay xudunta magnetized. Goobta birlabeedka oo isbedesha inta lagu guda jiro marinka dhibcaha tixraacu waxay abuurtaa dareen koronto gariiradda.

Aaladaha nooca indho-indheynta ah waxay adeegsadaan indho-fiiqid, iyo garaaca garaaca wadnaha ayaa abuurma marka xidhiidhka indhaha ee LED-ka iyo photodiode-ka uu go'o marka dhibcaha tixraaca la dhaafo. DPRV-yada indhaha ayaan weli ka helin codsi ballaadhan warshadaha baabuurta, in kasta oo laga heli karo moodooyinka qaarkood.

Waa maxay calaamadaha muujinaya cilladda DPRV

Dareemka wejigu wuxuu bixiyaa habka ugu habboon ee la siinayo isku dhafka hawada iyo shidaalka dhululubada oo ay la socoto dareemaha booska crankshaft (DPKV). Haddii dareemaha wejigu uu joojiyo shaqada, unugga kantaroolku wuxuu dhigayaa unugga korantada qaab xaalad degdeg ah, marka la isku duro laba-labo-barbar oo ku salaysan calaamadda DPKV. Xaaladdan oo kale, laba nozzles ayaa isku mar wada furmaya, mid wuxuu ku dhacayaa istaroogga qaadashada, midka kalena istaroogga qiiqa. Habkan hawlgalka unugga, isticmaalka shidaalka ayaa si aad ah u kordha. Sidaa darteed, isticmaalka shidaalka ee xad-dhaafka ah ayaa ah mid ka mid ah calaamadaha ugu muhiimsan ee dareemaha camshaft cillad.

Marka lagu daro kororka matoorka, calaamadaha kale waxay sidoo kale muujin karaan dhibaatooyinka DPRV:

• aan degganayn, kala go'a, hawlgalka mootada;
• dhib ku ah bilaabista mishiinka, iyada oo aan loo eegin heerka kulaylkiisa;
• kululaynta matoorka oo kordhay, sida ay caddaynayso kororka heerkulka qaboojiyaha marka loo eego hawlgalka caadiga ah;
• Tusiyaha ENGINE-ka ee hubinta ayaa iftiiminaya dashboard-ka, kombayuutarka saaranna waxa uu soo saaraa koodka qaladka u dhigma.

Waa maxay sababta DPRV u fashilanto iyo sida loo hubiyo

Dareemaha booska camshaft-ka waxa laga yaabaa inaanu shaqayn dhawr sababood dartood.

1. Ugu horreyntii, hubi qalabka oo hubi in aysan jirin waxyeelo farsamo.
2. Akhrinta khaldan ee DPRV waxa sababi kara faraq aad u weyn oo u dhexeeya wejiga dhamaadka dareenka iyo saxanka dejinta. Sidaa darteed, hubi in dareemaha uu si adag ugu fadhiyo kursigiisa oo aanu ka soo laadlaadsanaynin dabada korka oo si liidata loo adkeeyay.
3. Markaad hore uga saartey terminalka taban ee batteriga, ka saar xiriiriyaha dareemayaasha oo arag haddii ay ku jiraan wasakh ama biyo, haddii xiriiriyeyaasha ay oksaydhsan yihiin. Hubi daacadnimada fiilooyinka. Mararka qaarkood waxay ku qudhmaan meesha wax lagu iibiyo ee biinanka xiriiriyaha, markaa xoogaa jiid si aad u hubiso.
   
   Ka dib marka batteriga la xidho oo daaro shid, hubi in uu jiro danab on chip u dhexeeya xiriirada xad-dhaaf ah. Joogitaanka korontada ayaa lagama maarmaan u ah dareeraha Hall (oo leh saddex-pin chip), laakiin haddii DPRV ay ka mid tahay nooca induction (laba-pin chip), markaa uma baahna koronto.
4. Gudaha qalabka laftiisa, wareeg gaaban ama wareeg furan ayaa suurtagal ah; microcircuit ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku gubato dareeraha Hall. Tani waxay ku dhacdaa kuleyl badan ama koronto aan degganeyn.
5. Dareemaha wajiga ayaa sidoo kale laga yaabaa inuusan shaqeynin sababtoo ah dhaawaca soo gaaray saxanka (tixraaca)

Si loo hubiyo shaqada DPRV, ka saar fadhiga. Awoodda waa in la siiyaa dareemayaasha Hall (chip waa la geliyey, batarigu waa ku xiran yahay, shiduhu waa shidan yahay). Waxaad u baahan doontaa multimeter oo ah qaabka cabbiraadda danabka DC oo ku saabsan xadka 30 volts. Weli ka sii fiican, isticmaal oscilloscope.

Geli baadhitaanada aaladda cabbiraadda oo leh tabo fiiqan (cirbado) xidhiidhiyaha adiga oo ku xidhaya 1 (silig caadi ah) iyo pin 2 (silig calaamad ah). Mitirku waa inuu ogaadaa danabka sahayda. Keen shay bir ah, tusaale ahaan, dhamaadka ama booska aaladda. Danabku waa inuu hoos ugu dhacaa ku dhawaad ​​eber.

Si la mid ah, waxaad ku hubin kartaa dareeraha induction, kaliya isbeddelka korantada ee ku jira ayaa xoogaa ka duwanaan doona. Nooca soo-jiidashada ee DPRV uma baahna koronto, markaa si buuxda ayaa looga saari karaa baaritaanka.

Haddii dareemaha aanu sinaba uga falcelinayn habka shay bir ah, markaa waa khalad waana in la beddelaa. Kuma haboona dayactirka.

Noocyada baabuurta kala duwan, DPRV-yada noocyo kala duwan iyo naqshado ayaa loo isticmaali karaa, marka lagu daro, waxaa loo qaabeyn karaa qalabka kala duwan ee sahayda. Si aan loo khaldamin, iibso dareeme cusub oo leh calaamado la mid ah qalabka la bedelay.

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